Diphenyliodonium Salts with Pyranine Conk as an Environment-friendly Photo-acid Generator and Their Applications to Chemically Amplified Resists

Abstract

ABSTRACT:A diphenyliodonium salt with an environment-friendly dye as anion was designed. This salt was shown to possess photosensitivity suitable for use as a chemically amplified resist at both 365 and 405 nm. PAG of tris(diphenyliodonium) 9-hydroxy-pyrene-1,4,6-trisulfonate had a negative Ames test, showed good thermal stability, and had a decomposition temperature of 199.9C. The quantum yield of acid generation upon irradiation was 0.63. The mechanism of acid generation was intramoleculor electron transfer from the excited dye moiety to the iodonium structure. The photosensitivities of PAG in a polymer with a t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group were 31 and 58 mJ/cm 2 for 365 and 405 nm light, respectively.

Fluorescent PET (Photoinduced Electron Transfer) sensors as potent analytical tools

“…5b). 19 Fast PET is made possible by significantly negative DG PET value (À1.9 eV). Displacement of 2 from its complex with 3 by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) occurs due to increased synergistic effects, such as electrostatics and p-stacking inside the cavity.…”

Toxicological Study of Fluorescent Hydrologic Tracer Dye Effects on Cave Bacteria

“…Mutagenicity is commonly tested via the Ames test, in which mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium that have lost the ability to synthesize the amino acid histidine are exposed to the substance and then resulting back-mutations to the wild type are quantified (Ames et al 1975). Fluorescent tracer dyes, including uranine, eosin, pyranine, and sulforhodamine B have previously been subjected to the Ames test as well as other tests for DNA damage, and have generally been found to be nonmutagenic (Muzzall and Cook 1979;Kawachi et al 1980;Nestmann et al 1979Nestmann et al , 1980Kharge et al 1985;Lin and Brusick 1986;Tarumoto et al 2005;National Toxicology Program 2021).…”

“…Similar studies focused on fluorescent dyes in karst aquifers are fewer (e.g., Mull et al 1988), with most being case studies (e.g., Staut and Auersperger 2006). Toxicity studies using animals and microbes have generally shown fluorescent dyes to be innocuous, especially at the mg/L and lower concentrations that are generally used (Smart 1984; Field et al 1995; Käss 1998; Walthall and Stark 1999; Behrens et al 2001; Tarumoto et al 2005; Rowinski and Chrzanowski 2010; Gombert et al 2017; Goldscheider 2019). Another consideration with regard to the environmental safety of a substance is its ability to cause genetic mutations.…”