DIPG-46. Radiation induced senescence in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma cells reveals selective vulnerability to Bcl-XL inhibition

Abstract

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma remains a devastating condition with a dismal five year survival rate less than 5%. New approaches for treating this aggressive disease are critical to driving progress. Conventional radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, with no chemotherapeutic agent found to improve survival. However, radiotherapy is often delivered as a palliative treatment, and disease often recurs 3-6 months after. Radiation causes DNA damage and oxidative stress yielding a senescent state of replicative arrest in susceptible cells. However, increasing evidence demonstrates malignant cells can escape senescence leading to tumour recurrence. Targeted ablation of non-replicating senescent tumour cells following radiation could negate tumour recurrence. It remains unknown whether DIPG undergoes senescence following radiation, and furthermore, whether senolytics can be utilised to target senescent DIPG cells. We employed radiation to induce a senescent state in primary human DIPG cell lines. Senescence was confirmed using SA-β-gal staining, lack of EdU incorporation and qRT-PCR to characterise the SASP in three primary human DIPG cell lines. RNA-sequencing on DIPG cells following radiation revealed senescence and SASP signatures. Likewise, expression of senescence markers has been detected in human tumours. Viable cells that survive radiation were then utilised to screen candidate senolytic drugs, only Bcl-XL inhibitors demonstrated reproducible senolytic activity in radiation treated DIPG cells. In addition, Bcl-XL degradation using PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) resulted in a significant increase in senolysis of susceptible tumour cells. Conversely, Bcl-2 inhibitors failed to show any consistent senolytic activity. We are currently performing preclinical studies in the mouse to test the efficiency of senolytics against DIPG. These results demonstrate future possibilities of targeting radiation induced senescence in DIPG, using novel senolytic therapies and highlight Bcl-XL dependency as a potential vulnerability of surviving DIPG cells following exposure to radiation.