“…These patterns can be captured by various methods, such as teleconnection maps based on Pearson correlation (linear) or mutual information (nonlinear), and principal component analysis [2,8]. The most prominent atmospheric patterns include the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the North Pacific Oscillation-West Pacific pattern (NPO-WP), the Pacific-North America pattern (PNA), the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the Pacific-South American pattern (PSA) [1,2,7,[9][10][11][12]. Some of these patterns influence each other such as the teleconnections that are related to ENSO [1,2,6].…”