Dioxins and Dioxin‐Like Persistent Organic Pollutants in Textiles and Chemicals in the Textile Sector

Abstract

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Textile Finishing Industry as an Important Source of Organic Pollutants

“…Dioxins are also found in other classes of dyes. Considerable levels of PCDD/Fs have also been determined in some phtalocyanine dyes, and in printing inks (Križanec, 2006). Recently some dispersive aromatic azo dyes were found as sources of dioxins.…”

“…Halogenated organic compounds and metals such as copper are involved in the thermal formation processes of dioxins. During the combustion processes of waste textile materials, the formation of dioxins is possible via the 'The Precursor Concept' or 'De novo Mechanism' (Križanec, 2006). All the halogenated flame-retardant agents presented in chapter 3.2.4 are involved in the formation of dioxins and furans, when submitted to high temperature treatments.…”

“…The generation of persistent organic pollutants in the textile industry during finishing processes is caused by (Križanec, 2006): -high temperatures (>150 °C); -alkaline conditions; -UV radiations or other radical starters; -the presence of chlorinated organic compounds; -the presence of metal catalysts. The distribution of dioxins and their fate during textile dyeing processes was investigated by Križanec (Križanec, 2005).…”

“…Some of these chemicals found in finished products are there as residues from the production of dyes and auxiliary chemicals (the synthesis of dyes involves a large variety of chemicals with complex synthesis paths, during which toxic, carcinogenic and persistent organic compounds can be formed, such as dioxins, and traces can be found in commercial dyes), others are added to give certain characteristics to the products (colour, flame retardancy, anti wrinkling properties etc.) (Križanec & Majcen Le Marechal, 2006), or are already present in the raw textile material. The mentioned compounds have been found in wastewater after home washing, in organic solvent after dry-cleaning and also in the atmosphere after incineration.…”

Azo Dyes and Their Metabolites: Does the Discharge of the Azo Dye into Water Bodies Represent Human and Ecological Risks?

“…Of the approximately 10 9 kg of dyestuffs estimated to be manufactured annually throughout the World, the two most widely used in the textile industry are the azo and anthraquinone groups (Križanec & Marechal, 2006;Forss, 2011). Thus, this chapter is a comprehensive review on the azo dyes and their effects on human and environmental health.…”