Dioxin‐like and perfluorinated compounds in pigs in an Indian open waste dumping site: Toxicokinetics and effects on hepatic cytochrome P450 and blood plasma hormones

Abstract

Dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) and perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of pigs (Sus scrofa) collected from an open waste dumping site in South India. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; up to 200 ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in male and female pigs, respectively, collected from the dumping site than in those from a reference site. Results suggest that dumping sites are a source of DRCs and PFOS. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs in piglets were higher than in mothers, especially for the congeners with molecular weights in the range of 360 to 400, implying congener-specific maternal transfer of DRCs in swine. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and some non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the liver of pigs were higher than those in the adipose fat and muscle of the same specimens. In addition, the liver-to-adipose concentration ratios for each congener had a significant positive correlation with the levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A-like protein, suggesting congener-specific and CYP1A-dependent hepatic sequestration of DRCs in the swine. Total hepatic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs; 8.9-350 pg/g fat wt) had a significant positive correlation with CYP1A-like protein expression (r=0.56, p=0.012), suggesting the induction of CYP1A by DRCs. However, the total TEQs had a significant negative correlation with CYP4A-like protein (r=-0.49, p=0.029), suggesting repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha)-mediated signaling pathway by DRCs. Decreases in plasma total thyroxine (T4), free T4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G were also found in pigs from the dumping site compared with those from the reference site. This study provides insight into the toxicological impacts of DRCs and perfluorinated compounds in wild animals from open waste dumping sites.

Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Liver and Muscle Tissue from Wild Boar in Hesse, Germany

“…The results we obtained for PFOA and PFOS are of the same order of magnitude as the results found in wild boar (Watanabe et al 2010) showed concentrations that were considerably lower than those found by various groups in Germany. Overall, it should be noted that the data presented here show much greater concentrations of PFOA (by a factor of 5) and PFOS (by a factor of 80) in liver than in muscle tissue.…”

“…In addition, the only animals that have been suggested for use as bioindicators of PFC contamination the skipjack tuna (Hart et al 2008) and common carp (Kim et al 2010). On an international level, to the best of our knowledge, there has only been one study on PFC accumulation in wild boar liver, encompassing a relatively small number of wild boar samples (Watanabe et al 2010 The goal of the present study was therefore to determine the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in muscle tissue and liver of wild boar in a comparatively large collective and to determine whether these results are similar to those determined by other researchers. In addition, appropriate statistical methods correlations were used and, based on maximal concentrations of PFOA and PFOS, calculations were made to determine the possible risk to consumers.…”

“…Only few data are available for terrestrial mammals (Dai et al 2006;Falandysz et al 2007; Giesy and Kannan 2001;Kannan et al 2002Kannan et al , 2005Li et al 2008;Watanabe et al 2010) compared with other animal matrices (Falk 2008). In addition, the only animals that have been suggested for use as bioindicators of PFC contamination the skipjack tuna (Hart et al 2008) and common carp (Kim et al 2010).…”

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

“…() and Watanabe et al. () showing liver sequestration even at low doses, which seems to persist after a long period on clean feed. The high liver sequestration at background levels was also shown by Fernandes et al.…”

Recent status of organohalogens, heavy metals and PAHs pollution in specific locations in India

“…It was also interesting to note that a same type of molecular weight dependent transfer of PCDDs/Fs congeners was also found by Watanabe et al (2005) in the crows collected from the same dumping site (discussed in Section 2.3.1). Watanabe et al (2010) analyzed several perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) also in the pig tissues and could find only perfluorooctanesulfonic acids (PFOS) in all the samples, the concentrations being statistically greater in the liver of females from the dump site (71 ± 70 ng/g wet wt.) than the males from the same location (9.0 ± 1.9 ng/g wet wt.).…”