Dioxin formation in incinerators

Shaub, Walter M.; Tsang, Wing

doi:10.1021/es00118a007

Cited by 292 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Inside the mill, local temperature reaches up to several thousand degrees, which is unfavourable for de novo synthesis of dioxins (Shaub and Tsang, 1983). Cagnetta et al (2016) argue that CuCl 2 is a sensitive catalyst, preferably it is trapped inside the matrix and/or converted into an amorphous material and so that longer milling augmentation decreased CuCl 2 catalytic potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCDD/F Formation in Milled Fly Ash: Metal Chloride Catalysis

Mubeen

Buekens

Cao

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Mechanochemical treatment reduces the particle size of fly ash and disperses catalytic metals, raising the potential reactivity of fly ash to form and destroy 'dioxins', i.e., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD + PCDF or PCDD/F). To test this issue, model fly ash (MFA) samples were artificially composed by mixing silica, sodium chloride, and activated carbon, and doping this matrix with five selected catalytic metal chlorides administered as CuCl 2 •2H 2 O, CrCl 3 •6H 2 O, FeCl 3 (anhydrous), ZnCl 2 and anhydrous CaCl 2 . Without additives, these samples were first finely milled for 0 (blank), 1 and 8 h, and the effect on the formation of PCDD/F was investigated during de novo tests. These simulate the conditions prevailing in deposits in the heat-recovery zone of an incinerator, where dioxins are formed and destroyed, and the tests were conducted at the same temperature, reaction time and air flow rate. Metal chlorides produce specific and distinct homologue and isomer patterns. The isomer signatures of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F, precursor route, and other congeners were recognised and are studied in some detail. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F-congeners, indicating CuCl 2 as major contributor of WHO2005-TEQ values. Surprisingly, for CuCl 2 •2H 2 O the total yield of dioxins reduced drastically with milling. Since this study revealed various unexpected results, as well as experimental limitations, some suggestions for further ongoing work are formulated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCDD/F Formation in Milled Fly Ash: Metal Chloride Catalysis

Mubeen

Buekens

Cao

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…On the contrary, it is difficult to imagine kinetically effective homogeneous gas-phase mechanisms for forming CDDs from the cooling gases below 1000 K because OH and O atom concentrations are very low, and above that temperature CDDs are not a thermochemically favored form. 28 However, it can be inferred from the equilibrium calculations that if heterogeneous, low temperature pathways exist, then the CDDs would be thermodynamically stable. Experimental evidence for low temperature chlorination pathways has recently become abundant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Equilibrium Analysis of Some Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Stoichiometric to Fuel-rich Post-flame Combustion Environments

Chang

Mournighan

Huffman

1991

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Chang et al (2014a) attributed reduction of PCDD/F and PCB emission when using waste cooking oil biodiesel to possible complete combustion and reduction in aromatic contents in comparison to diesel fuel. Shaub and Tsang (1983) proposed that molecular oxygen in fuel may react with products of reaction between OH radical and aromatic compounds leading to ring opening which inhibits dioxin formation. Furthermore, W20D80 and W40D60 contain lower aromatic content and higher flash …”

Section: Emission Levels and Trends Of Pcdd/fs And Pcbs For Fuel Blenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Persistent Organic Pollutant Emissions during Incinerator Start-up by Using Crude Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternative Fuel

Chen

Lee

Mwangi

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Illegal harvesting and recycling of waste cooking oil, also referred to as "gutter oil" in many countries, poses a great food safety threat. Thus, in this study the feasibility of using waste cooking oil as an auxiliary fuel in the furnace of laboratory waste incinerator was evaluated in terms of toxic pollutant emissions. Two fuel blends (W20D80 and W40D60) were blended from varying proportions of diesel fuel (D100), and waste cooking oil (W100) and their physio-chemical characteristics were subsequently determined and compared. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) of D100, W100, W20D80 and W40D60 showed that diesel fuel consist of more volatile short aliphatic hydrocarbons, while the waste cooking oil and its blends had more thermal stable unsaturated long chain molecules. After the de novo synthesis window of 200-400°C, 40% of waste cooking oil and 60% of diesel (W40D60) was injected at around 500-700°C, and reduced the toxicity concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs by an average of 86% and 94%, respectively. This study demonstrated that, by using waste cooking oil as a fuel blend, not only can reduce the possibility of "gutter oil" being put in the food to damage the health of human beings, but also can be recycled as a kind of green fuel to reduce the emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

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Dioxin formation in incinerators

Cited by 292 publications

References 35 publications

PCDD/F Formation in Milled Fly Ash: Metal Chloride Catalysis

PCDD/F Formation in Milled Fly Ash: Metal Chloride Catalysis

An Equilibrium Analysis of Some Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Stoichiometric to Fuel-rich Post-flame Combustion Environments

Reduction of Persistent Organic Pollutant Emissions during Incinerator Start-up by Using Crude Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternative Fuel

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