Dioscorea alata L. Tubers Improve Diabetes through Anti-hyperglycemia, Anti-inflammation, Ameliorate Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dioscorea alata L. tubers (DA) are suspected to prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) because they have a low glycemic index. However, only a few reports about the anti-diabetic effect of DA were reported up to date. This study aims to analyze the effect of DA consumption on several diabetic biomarkers through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analysis.METHODS: In vitro experiments were conducted by observing the anti-inflammatory activity of DA extract, steroidal saponins (SDA) isolated from DA, and diosgenin in lymphocyte cell cultures. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ percentages were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vivo study involved 24 healthy adolescents that were given a boiled DA 10 hours post-prandial. The blood sugar levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after treatment. Furthermore, the in silico study was carried out by analyzing the active compounds and predicting the biological activity, the target proteins, and interactions of target proteins with compounds contained in DA .RESULTS: DA extract, SDA isolated from DA, and diosgenin at 50 µg/mL significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in lymphocyte cell culture. The blood glucose levels in the DA group were lower at 30 and 60 min after treatment. Based on the in silico study, the anti-diabetic activity of DA was speculated to be attributed to the mechanisms of anti-hyperglycemia, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction, anti-inflammation, and treated insulin resistance. Several proteins included in the DM pathway became the protein target of compounds contained in DA.CONCLUSION: DA potentially have an anti-diabetic activity through several mechanisms.KEYWORDS: hyperglycemia, inflammation, insulin resistance, yam

Molecular Docking Investigation of Dioscorea alata Compounds Binding to CCKBR, CHRM3, CHRM5, and H2R for Gastric Ulcer Treatment

“…Saponins are amphiphilic molecules consisting of carbohydrates and triterpenoid or steroid aglycone groups. DA is known to contain saponin compounds including diosgenin (3-β-hydroxy-5spirostene), prosapogenin, and gracillin [9,27]. In this study, diosgenin was predicted to interact with all 4 receptors, and prosapogenin was predicted to have a low binding energy for CCKBR and ACM5.…”

“…Protein and compound data mining DA compounds were obtained from a previous study of 34 active compounds [9]. The 3D structures and canonical SMILES of the compounds were obtained from the PubChem database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and ChemSpider (http://www.chemspider.com), which were then used for bioactivity prediction analysis.…”

“…Dioscorea alata is known to contain a variety of compounds with high sapogenin, diosgenin, and dioscorin content in addition to its carbohydrate content. Also, DA is known to have bioactivity as an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic by reducing the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in lymphocytes and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance [7,9]. However, information regarding the gastro protective bioactivity of DA in gastric ulcer treatment is still limited.…”

Bioactive Compounds from Penicillium sp. Inhibit Antiapoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1: An in silico Study

“…A compound should adhere to three or more rules, so it can be considered as a drug candidate. 32,33 Lipinski's rule of five is well-known for predicting the performance of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drug candidates. 34 The concentration of a molecule and its intestinal absorption are inversely correlated with its MW, which is indicative of its size.…”