Diode-like gel polymer electrolytes for full-cell lithium ion batteries

Abstract

A positive–intrinsic–negative (PIN)-diode-like gel polymer electrolyte, consisting of ceramic-modulated layers, facilitates ion transfer at both electrodes for a full-cell battery.

Electrochemical Characterization of Single Lithium-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes Based on sp3 Boron and Poly(ethylene glycol) Bridges

“…14 This is an indication of the dominant contribution of anions to the process of charge transference, which may be associated with the coupling of Li + with the basic Lewis type sites in the polymeric matrix. 7,15 Relatively low ionic conductivity values (between 10 −5 and 10 −6 S cm −1 ) and lithium-ion transference numbers (t Li + , generally less than 0.5) due to the simultaneous movement of anions and cations 16,17 and the inferior interfacial properties of SPE are still key barriers for their application in large-scale batteries. Different methodologies have been successfully used to increase the ionic conductivity and t Li + and decrease the activation energy of ionic conduction processes in SPE, for instance, (a) plasticizers, such as ionic liquids 18−21 and oligomers of low molecular weight (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol)-methyl ether (PEGME)), 22 are able to increase the ionic mobility and the amorphousness in polymeric matrices;…”

“…Relatively low ionic conductivity values (between 10 –5 and 10 –6 S cm –1 ) and lithium-ion transference numbers ( t Li + , generally less than 0.5) due to the simultaneous movement of anions and cations , and the inferior interfacial properties of SPE are still key barriers for their application in large-scale batteries. Different methodologies have been successfully used to increase the ionic conductivity and t Li + and decrease the activation energy of ionic conduction processes in SPE, for instance, (a) plasticizers, such as ionic liquids − and oligomers of low molecular weight (e.g., poly­(ethylene glycol)-methyl ether (PEGME)), are able to increase the ionic mobility and the amorphousness in polymeric matrices; (b) addition of micro- and nanoceramic particles such as Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and SiO 2 , (considered as inactive fillers) to SPE allows the generation of new conduction routes, so that ionic conductivity is increased, whereas interfacial secondary reactions are inhibited at the same time, thereby improving the interfacial compatibility of the electrolyte with the electrodes .…”

Ameliorating Interfacial Ionic Transportation in All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries with Interlayer Modifications

“…Reducing the filler particle size increases the ionic conductivity due to dissociation of supporting salt present in the content . Lin et al have used TiO 2 and SiO 2 as additives in GPE coated on the cathode and anode sides, respectively, in a full-cell battery, graphite|electrolyte|LFP (Figure a) . The diode-like configuration with poly­(acrylonitrile- co -methyl acrylate) (PAM) as the host exhibits a positive zeta potential with TiO 2 and a negative zeat potential with SiO 2 .…”

“…(c) Charge–discharge cycles of a graphite|electrolyte|LiFePO 4 full cell using GPE-PAM:SiTi. Adapted with permission from ref . Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…121 Lin et al have used TiO 2 and SiO 2 as additives in GPE coated on the cathode and anode sides, respectively, in a full-cell battery, graphite|electrolyte|LFP (Figure 8a). 122 The diode-like configuration with poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (PAM) as the host exhibits a positive zeta potential with TiO 2 and a negative zeat potential with SiO 2 . The GPEs with oxide nanoparticles were obtained by immersing the polymer-oxide film in a liquid electrolyte contained in 1 M LiPF 6 dissolved in a solvent comprising EC, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), DEC, and vinylene carbonate (33:33:33:1 by volume).…”