Dioctofimatose renal bilateral e disseminada em cão

Sapin, Carolina F; Silva-Mariano, Luísa Cerqueira; Grecco-Corrêa, Luisa; Rappeti, Josaine; Durante, L; Perera, Soliane Carra; Cleff, Marlete Brum; Grecco, Fabiane Borelli

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200022

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Características morfológicas, como coloração avermelhada, conferida provavelmente pela hematofagia ao parasitar o hospedeiro definitivo, forma cilíndrica e sua localização, possibilitaram a identificação do helminto neste caso, assim como descrito por outros autores [17]. No presente relato, um exemplar fêmea de 50 cm de comprimento e o outro macho de 35 cm foram encontrados no rim direito neste paciente, diferenciados a partir da extremidade posterior que no macho apresenta-se em formato de sino contendo uma estrutura chamada espiculo e nas fêmeas mostra-se de forma romba [6,14].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Nephrectomy in a Dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Santos

Nascimento

Favacho

et al. 2022

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Dioctophymosis is caused by Dioctophyma renale, a parasite known as the giant kidney worm, that can parasitize the kidneys of domestic and wild animals. There are also reports of its occurrence in humans, thus revealing its zoonotic potential. In most cases, parasitized animals are asymptomatic. This parasite can cause atrophy or destroy the renal parenchyma, although ectopic locations may occur. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, based on the presence of eggs in the urine, visualization of the parasite, or during necropsy. Therefore, the aim of this work was to report the case of a young dog infected with D. renale and subjected to nephrectomy in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Case: A 6-month-old bitch with a clinical suspicion of hydronephrosis in the right kidney was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Anhanguera-Uniderp University in the city of Campo Grande, MS. A physical examination of the patient revealed an alteration in the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound, urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC) tests and biochemical profile were ordered. The erythrogram indicated erythrocytosis resulting from dehydration and loss of body fluids, while enzyme levels (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and albumin) were within normal limits. The abdominal ultrasound showed the presence of a cylindrical and rounded structure characteristic of a nematode and in the right kidney, and loss of renal parenchyma typical of D. renale infection. A urinalysis then revealed the presence of helminth eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affected right kidney, which showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. One adult female and one adult male parasite were removed from inside the kidney, measuring approximately 50 cm and 35 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated, kept in hospital for observation, and returned two weeks later for reassessment of her renal function and removal of stitches. Discussion: Dioctophymosis is often diagnosed based on ultrasound and urine tests. These tests proved sufficient to diagnose parasitism by D. renale. However, the infection is usually discovered during necropsy. D. renale is popularly known as the giant kidney worm, as it can reach up to 100 cm in length. In the present case, the female parasite was 50 cm long and the male was 35 cm. The patient presented parasitism very young, at just 6 months of age. The parasitic infection of the animal was attributed to the ingestion of water or food contaminated with an intermediate host, the aquatic annelid Lumbriculus variegatus. It is suggested that the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the infective stage of the parasite may have occurred at 2 months of age or younger, since the prepatent period is approximately 6 months. The parasite was found only in the patient’s right kidney. Hydronephrosis was reported in the patient and was caused by obstruction of the internal urethral ostium by the adult nematode. In this case, the recommended surgical treatment was nephrectomy, to which the patient was subjected, leading to successful recovery. This case occurred in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, where there are no records of parasitism by D. renale in domestic dogs, unlike other states in Brazil. We therefore emphasize the importance of new studies on D. renale, given the lack of clear records describing the parasite’s epidemiological data, biological cycle and diagnosis, which may hinder the prevention and control of this zoonotic disease.Keywords: canine dioctophymosis, helminth, nematoid, giant kidney worm, hydronephrosis.Descritores: dioctofimose canina, helminto, nematoide, verme gigante renal, hidronefrose.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Nephrectomy in a Dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Santos

Nascimento

Favacho

et al. 2022

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…A progressão da dioctofimose resulta na destruição total do parênquima renal, sendo substituído pelo parasito envolvido pela cápsula fibrosa do órgão (Silveira et al, 2015). No entanto, geralmente não há perda da função renal pela hipertrofia compensatória do rim não parasitado (Monteiro et al 2002;Pedrozo et al, 2013;Sapin et al, 2017), o que explica a não significância no resultado da mensuração da ureia sanguínea nos animais pesquisados (p=0,712). Dibartola (2004) cita que a mensuração dos níveis séricos de ureia não é tão fidedigna quanto da creatinina.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

PARASITISMO POR Dioctophyme renale ENCONTRADO EM CÃES DE ABRIGOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MATEUS DO SUL, ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Zanchett

Pedrassani

2020

AVS

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Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo zoonótico que parasita os rins de carnívoros domésticos e silvestres no Brasil. Entre os cães têm maior prevalência em errantes, principalmente, por conta dos hábitos menos seletivos, tornando interessante o estudo com os mesmos. Animais que vivem em abrigos, geralmente apresentam histórico de viver em ambiente precário, acesso restrito à água limpa e alimento adequado e, em superpopulação, favorecendo a disseminação da dioctofimose. Por conta disso, este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência do parasitismo por D. renale em cães de abrigos do município de São Mateus do Sul, estado do Paraná. Os animais foram transportados por uma Organização Não Governamental (ONG) até o Hospital Veterinário Escola para procedimento de ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Os resultados das análises hematológica, bioquímica e da urina foram comparados entre cães parasitados e não parasitados pelo teste t de Student e a idade foi avaliada pelo teste exato de Fisher (p≤ 0,05). Entre agosto e novembro de 2018, o abrigo encaminhou 38 fêmeas, sem raça definida para OSH e destas, três (7,89%) apresentaram ovos do parasito na urina. Um, dentre os três cães positivos para D. renale foi a óbito durante a cirurgia e na necropsia uma fêmea do parasito foi observada no rim esquerdo. A creatinina foi significativamente mais alta nos cães que apresentaram ovos do parasito na urina (p=0,015). Não foram observadas diferenças entre cães que apresentaram ou não ovos do parasita na urina em relação aos fatores: dosagem de ureia e de proteínas plasmáticas totais, hemograma, leucograma, análise física da urina, assim como idade (p>0,05). É possível concluir que em cães do município, principalmente, os de abrigos, os exames rotineiros de urinálise e dosagem de creatinina, mesmo naqueles aparentemente saudáveis, são importantes para um diagnóstico precoce de parasitismo por D. renale.

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“…The parasite usually affects the hosts' right kidney, leading to chronic and irreversible destruction of the renal parenchyma (3,(5)(6)(7)(8). Although rare, there are reports of bilateral renal dioctophymosis in dogs (9,10) and humans (11), with most cases associated with patient death. Treatment is surgical and usually involves nephrectomy of the parasitized kidney (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Is bilateral renal dioctophymosis and severe uremia in a dog synonymous of euthanasia? Not today

Caye,

Gasparotto,

Hörbe

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A dog with bilateral renal dioctophymosis presented with stage 5 acute kidney injury, weight loss, vomiting, apathy, and hematuria. Laboratory tests showed creatinine of 17.2 mg/dL and Dioctophyme renale eggs in the urine. It underwent a 30-min session of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning at a pressure of 2 ATA. Subsequently, bilateral nephroscopy was performed, without warm ischemia, using Amplatz-type renal dilators. Five parasites were removed, three females from the right kidney, one female from the left kidney, and one male from the abdominal cavity. After surgery, the patient continued doing daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) sessions and clinical therapy. Postoperative care consisted of analgesics, antimicrobials, antioxidants, gastric protector and fluid therapy. Ultrasound monitoring showed a reduction in the area of renal dilation and the hematological and biochemical tests showed rapid recovery from acute kidney injury. There was no bacterial growth in the urine sample collected directly from the kidneys. The patient had an excellent clinical progression and was discharged from hospital 7 days postoperatively, with creatinine values of 2.9 mg/dL. This is the first report of the use of nephroscopy in the treatment of dioctophymosis and indicates excellent chances of cure even in severe cases of bilateral parasitosis. HBOT was shown to be an ally in the clinical therapy of patients with D. renale by helping with stabilization and postoperative recovery.

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Dioctofimatose renal bilateral e disseminada em cão

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Nephrectomy in a Dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Nephrectomy in a Dog infected with Dioctophyma renale - Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

PARASITISMO POR Dioctophyme renale ENCONTRADO EM CÃES DE ABRIGOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO MATEUS DO SUL, ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Case report: Is bilateral renal dioctophymosis and severe uremia in a dog synonymous of euthanasia? Not today

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