Dinuclear gold catalysis

Abstract

This review summarizes the recent achievements of dinuclear gold-catalyzed redox coupling, asymmetric catalysis and photocatalysis. The dinuclear gold catalysts show a better catalytic performance than the mononuclear gold catalysts in certain cases.

Catalytic Gold Chemistry: From Simple Salts to Complexes for Regioselective C−H Bond Functionalization

“…[35][36][37] In particular, the structure-property-reactivity relationships of different Au(I)-and Au(III)-complexes in homogeneous catalysis have been unrav-eled in various π-systems. [38][39][40][41][42][43] The robust σ-donating and weak π-accepting properties of acetylenes render the Au-coordinated acetylenes as electrophilic species. [44][45][46][47] With an electronic configuration of [Xe]4f 14 5d 10 6 s 1 for the metallic Au 0 atom, gold catalysts mostly exist in + 1 (5d 10 ) and + 3 (5d 8 ) valent states.…”

“…Gold catalysis in organic reactions has been generally understood and simplified through the concepts of frontier orbitals, relativistic effects, and π‐Lewis acidity [35–37] . In particular, the structure‐property‐reactivity relationships of different Au(I)‐ and Au(III)‐complexes in homogeneous catalysis have been unraveled in various π‐systems [38–43] . The robust σ‐donating and weak π‐accepting properties of acetylenes render the Au‐coordinated acetylenes as electrophilic species [44–47] .…”

Dinuclear Au(I), Au(II) and Au(III) Complexes with (CF2)n Chains: Insights into The Role of Aurophilic Interactions in the Au(I) Oxidation

“…[29][30][31] Although AuÀ Au bond energies around 200 kJ/mol have been theoretically [32] and experimentally [33] determined, a very small number of stable [Au II -Au II ] complexes without supporting bridging ligands are known. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Despite the catalytic relevance of Au II complexes, [22] its reactivity has been much less explored compared to that of Au I or Au III derivatives. [29,31,37,39] Thermal rearrangement to mixedvalent [Au III , Au I ] species has been commonly observed, [41][42][43][44] while photochemical disproportionation [40] or reductive elimination [27,[45][46][47] reactions have been rarely reported.…”

Stable Au(I) catalysts for oxidant-free C-H functionalization with iodoarenes

“…[4,[21][22][23] Other gold(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling methods employing the combined strength of electron-deficient arenes and/or activated arenes with strong bases or silver salts have emerged as important routes to C -C bond formation. [24][25][26] [ [27][28][29]In all these methods, the use of external oxidants stifles catalytic development. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Scheme 1.…”