Dinoflagellate contributions to the deep sea

Dale, Barrie; Dale, Amy

doi:10.1575/1912/410

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Calciodinellum operosum produced cysts only at the highest temperature under laboratory experiments: these cysts were rarely found in our study area, and, the few records were restricted to September and October (Montresor et al 1998), when surface temperatures range between 22 and 25°C. These cysts are commonly found in tropical oceans (Dale 1992, Höll et al 1998 where surface temperatures are high throughout the year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcareous cysts are abundant in neritic environments (e.g. Ellegaard et al 1994, Nehring 1995, Ishikawa & Taniguchi 1996, Montresor et al 1998) and they constitute the dominant cyst morphotype produced in tropical oceanic waters (Dale 1992). These resting stages also have an extensive fossil record (Keupp 1991) and they are candidate paleoecologic indicators .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and daylength regulate encystment in calcareous cyst-forming dinoflagellates

Sgrosso¹,

Esposito²,

Montresor³

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We tested the effect of temperature (15, 20, and 25°C), daylength (8:16, 12:12 and 16:8 h light:dark cycles), and culture medium (K/5 and K/50) conditions on cyst production in batch cultures of 4 dinoflagellate species that form calcareous resting stages (Scrippsiella trochoidea var. aciculifera, Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum, Calciodinellum operosum and S. rotunda). The 4 species showed different encystment patterns at the temperature conditions tested; cyst production was inversely related to daylength conditions, and higher cyst yields were obtained with the less concentrated growth medium. Experiments with semi-continuous cultures of S. rotunda, in which nutrient concentration was kept within values comparable to in situ concentrations, were carried out with the aim of decoupling the effect of nutrient depletion on cyst production from that of daylength. Cyst production in this species, kept at a constant growth rate in non-depleted nutrient conditions, was only obtained at the shortest daylengths, thus supporting the role of short daylength in inducing the production of calcareous cysts. Our data suggest that encystment in the 4 species is regulated by a complex interplay of at least 3 factors: daylength, temperature and nutrient concentration. These results contribute to explain the timing of resting-stage production at sea, and point to the possible role of daylength as an environmental signal for the regulation of life cycles in dinoflagellates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and daylength regulate encystment in calcareous cyst-forming dinoflagellates

Sgrosso¹,

Esposito²,

Montresor³

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Therefore, sediment trap investigations provide valuable information which shows that the number of taxa decreases with decreasing sea-surface temperature and that few species are adapted to cold-water conditions (lmpagidinium pallidum, Algidasphaeridium? minutum, Dale and Dale 1992).…”

Section: Dinoflagellatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dale and Dale (1992) reported a total of 22 taxa, of which 18 taxa were recorded in the Norwegian Sea and only 6 taxa in the central Greenland Sea. Hence, the same general pattern of species richness is evident, but in contrast to other plankton groups, most dinoflagellate cyst taxa which are rare in sediment traps from the Norwegian continental margin are believed to be laterally transported (see chapter: Transport of fossilizable plankton organisms) and only the most abundant species are considered to be oceanic locally produced species (Dale and Dale 1992). Therefore, the species richness …”

Section: Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, Export and Alteration of Fossilizable Plankton in the Nordic Seas

Schröder‐Ritzrau

Andruleit

Jensen

et al. 2001

The Northern North Atlantic

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The present study gives an overview of recent research results concerning the distribution of living fossilizable plankton groups (coccolithophores, diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts, radiolarians and planktic foraminifers) in the water column ofthe Nordic Seas. Infonnation is combined with results of sediment trap investigations on fluxes and the species composition of these fossilizable plankton groups in the Nordic Seas and their relation to oceanographic conditions. In order to validate spatial and temporal occurrence patterns of the plankton assemblages, their fluxes were monitored with sediment traps over several years in three different oceanic regions, characterized by the major surface water masses of the Nordic Seas. In addition, the alteration processes on settling plankton assemblages were investigated at three water depths. Oceanographic domains in the Nordic Seas can be clearly distinguished on the basis of the export of different plankton assemblages. The Norwegian Sea is dominated by calcareous plankton and the Greenland Sea and the Jan Mayen Current are dominated by siliceous plankton organisms. All fossilizable plankton groups show a corresponding decrease with low interannual variations in the number of species from the temperate Norwegian Sea to the colder Jan Mayen Current and the Greenland Sea. Dissolution is one of the major alteration processes and alters diatom assemblages significantly during sinking and settling. No quantitative signal of siliceous plankton groups is preserved in the deep traps or in sediments. The second major alteration process is lateral advection. This process influences the investigated sites on different scales.

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“…Meanwhile, only one-fifth of them form cysts that can be conserved in the sediments [30,34]. In the recent years, the studies of the dinocysts of the Arctic seas have made great progress and allowed scientists to reveal the general regularities of their composition and distribution in the bottom sediments depending on the hydrological and ice conditions of the shelf [26,30,31,35,40,46]. Up to the present, for this group of microfossils with different degrees of detailing, the characteristics of the species and quantitative compositions of their assemblages in the sediments of almost all of the Arctic seas have been obtained except for in the East Siberian and White seas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediments of the White Sea

Novichkova

Polyakova

2007

Oceanology

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-Dinoflagellate cysts were studied in 42 samples from the surface sediments of the White Sea. The total concentration of dinocysts varies from single cysts to 25000 cyst/g of dry sediments, which reflects the biological productivity in the White Sea waters and the regional particular features of the sedimentation processes. The highest concentrations are observed in silts; they are related to the regions of propagation of the highly productive Barents Sea waters in the White Sea. Generally, the spatial distribution of dinocysts species in the surface sediments corresponds to the distribution of the major types of water masses in the White Sea. The cysts of the relatively warm-water species ( Operculodinium centrocarpum, Spiniferites sp.) of North Atlantic origin that dominate in the sediments indicate an intensive intrusion of the Barents Sea water masses to the White Sea along with hydrological dwelling conditions in the White Sea favorable for the development of these species during their vegetation period. The cold-water dinocyst assemblage ( Islandinium minutum, Polykrikos sp.) is rather strictly confined to the inner parts of shallow-water bays, firstly, those adjacent to the Onega and Severnaya Dvina river mouths.

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Dinoflagellate contributions to the deep sea

Cited by 64 publications

References 19 publications

Temperature and daylength regulate encystment in calcareous cyst-forming dinoflagellates

Temperature and daylength regulate encystment in calcareous cyst-forming dinoflagellates

Distribution, Export and Alteration of Fossilizable Plankton in the Nordic Seas

Dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediments of the White Sea

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