Dining in: intracellular bacterial pathogen interplay with autophagy

Abstract

Intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved many ways to manipulate host cells for successful infection. Many of these pathogens use specialized secretion systems to inject bacterial proteins into the host cytosol that manipulate cellular processes to favor infection. Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular remodeling process with a critical role in many diseases, including bacterial clearance. A growing field of research highlights mechanisms used by intracellular bacteria to manipulate autophagy as a pro-survival strategy. This review focuses on a select group of bacterial pathogens with diverse intracellular lifestyles that exploit autophagy-derived nutrients and membrane for survival. This group of pathogens uses secretion systems and specific effectors to subvert distinct components of autophagy. By understanding how intracellular pathogens manipulate autophagy, we gain insight not only into bacterial pathogenesis but also host cell signaling and autophagolysosome maturation.

Absence of Specific Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion Membrane Proteins Triggers Premature Inclusion Membrane Lysis and Host Cell Death

“…We therefore probed infected HeLa cells using Lamp1 or LC3 as markers of autophagy. Autophagy is a biological process that eliminates damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and intracellular pathogens through delivery to lysosomes (Miller and Krijnse-Locker, 2008; Winchell et al, 2016). No co-localization or recruitment was noted for wild-type L2, however, we observed co-localization of CT383:: bla and incC::bla lysed inclusions with Lamp1 by 18 h post-infection (Figure 5A).…”

“…The exposure of chlamydiae or their products appears to lead to an autophagic response that ultimately results in programmed cell death. Autophagy is typically a pro-survival strategy used to degrade damaged organelles or cytoplasmic pathogens (Miller, 2016; Winchell et al, 2016). However, there is also crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis where autophagic processes can be linked to cell death (Maiuri et al, 2007).…”

Avoidance and Subversion of Eukaryotic Homeostatic Autophagy Mechanisms by Bacterial Pathogens

“…Despite the importance of pathogen tagging via ubiquitination in the xenophagic process, the actual microbial targets of ubiquitination are unknown, and LRSAM1 is the only E3 ubiquitin ligase known so far to specifically target bacteria and contribute to xenophagy [44]. Given the antimicrobial function of xenophagy, it is not surprising that many intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved to prevent or interrupt this cytosolic innate immune defense mechanism, by either preventing their detection or delivery to degradative lysosomes [45]. …”

“…Autophagy research has expanded into innate immunity, driven by contemporary recognition of its significance during bacterial infection [45]. Brucella and Francisella are two examples of bacterial pathogens that have evolved unique mechanisms to avoid xenophagy and also exploit selective autophagic machineries to promote their intracellular cycles.…”

Estudo dinâmico da expressão gênica global durante a interação STEC-enterócito utilizando séries temporais

“…81! manutenção da homeostase celular e também possui um papel crucial na defesa contra patógenos (Henneke;Golenbock, 2004, Winchell et al, 2016.…”