Dinâmica No Uso E Cobertura Da Terra Na Região Do Matopiba Entre 2000 E 2016

Abstract

O processo de ocupação das terras do Cerrado brasileiro tem impactado severamente sua paisagem natural nas últimas décadas. No presente estudo estimou-se as mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra ocorridas entre 2000 e 2016 na região do MATOPIBA usando dados e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Estimou-se também as áreas de agricultura irrigada e as alterações no uso e cobertura da terra ocorridas dentro de áreas protegidas na região de estudo. Nove classes de uso e cobertura de terra (corpos de água, cerrado denso, cerrado aberto, floresta ciliar, agricultura, campos irrigados, sombra, campos queimados e solo exposto) foram detectadas usando imagens de satélite e a técnica de classificação da máxima verossimilhança. Com base nos resultados desta pesquisa, observou-se o aumento 40,9% de campos agrícolas e solos expostos entre 2000 e 2016 na área de estudo. As áreas de agricultura irrigada aumentaram aproximadamente 154% (102.000 hectares) no mesmo período. Embora os diferentes tipos de antropização de áreas naturais tenham sido observados em toda a área de estudo, o maior aumento ocorreu na porção sul, onde as terras mais aptas para agricultura mecanizada estão mais concentradas. A antropização também aumentou dentro das terras protegidas de uso sustentável, onde as atividades de conservação deveriam ser prioritariamente implementadas na região de estudo, tais como a criação de corredores ecológicos e políticas públicas, visando o uso sustentável de seus recursos naturais.Palavras-chave: desmatamento; Cerrado; sensoriamento remoto. LAND USE AND LAND COVER DYNAMIC IN THE MATOPIBA REGION BETWEEN 2000 AND 2016 ABSTRACT: The land occupation process in the Brazilian Cerrado has severely impacted its natural landscape in the last decades. In this study, we estimated the land use and land cover changes occurred in the MATOPIBA region between 2000 and 2016 by using remotely sensed data and techniques. We also estimated the irrigated fields and deforested lands occurred within protected areas in the study region. Nine land use and land cover classes (water bodies, dense cerrado, open cerrado, riparian forest, agriculture, irrigated fields, shade, burned fields, and exposed soil) were detected by using Landsat imagery and by applying the Maximum Likelihood remote sensing technique. Based on our study results, we observed an increase of 40,9% agricultural fields and exposed soils during between 2000 and 2016 in the study region. Irrigated fields increased approximately 154% (102,000 ha) during the studied period. Although different types of anthropization were observed throughout the study area, the major increasing change was observed within the southern portion, where the most suitable agricultural lands are concentrated. The anthropization also increased within protected lands of sustainable use, where conservation activities should be prioritarily enforced in the study region, such as the creation of ecological corridors and public policies aiming sustainable use of its natural resources.Keywords: deforestation; Cerrado; remote Sensing.

Evapotranspiration in the context of land use and land cover changes in MATOPIBA, Brazil

“…Despite the economic and productive importance of the MATOPIBA region, environmental concern with the region is relevant, since about 90% of its extension is located in the territory of the Cerrado biome. It is worth noting that much of the deforestation that occurs in the biome is related to activities to expand the production of agricultural commodities (Matricardi et al, 2019). In the Brazilian Cerrado, there is a high concentration of fires in the dry season and, over time, the greatest number of fires occurs mainly in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins and Mato Grosso, a territorial strip understood along the agricultural border located in the MATOPIBA region and near the Region of the Arc of Deforestation, in the region between Cerrado, Amazon and Pantanal.…”

“…The MATOPIBA region is an agricultural frontier that has been highlighted and involves the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia (Freitas, 2021). In the MATOPIBA region, Matricardi et al (2019) analyzing through data and remote sensing methods the dynamics in the use and cover of soil and irrigated agriculture areas between 2000 and 2016, verified an increase of 40.9% of agricultural areas and soil exposure and an increase of 154% of irrigated agricultural areas. They also identified changes in land use throughout the studied area, with the most significant changes being observed in the southern part, due to soil aptitudes for more technical agriculture.…”