Dinámica espacio-temporal del esfuerzo en una pesquería de buceo artesanal multiespecífica y sus efectos en la variabilidad de las capturas: Implicaciones para el manejo sostenible

Abstract

Dinámica espacio-temporal del esfuerzo en una pesquería de buceo artesanal multiespecífica y sus efectos en la variabilidad de las capturas:Implicaciones para el manejo sostenible Abstract: Spatio-temporal dynamics of fishing effort in a multi-species artisanal diving fishery and its effects on catch variability: Insights for sustainable management. Artisanal diving fisheries are a source of income, employment and food security of coastal areas in many countries. Understanding the dynamics of these fisheries, including the spatial and temporal dynamics of fishing effort, gears and species can help to address the challenges involved in fisheries management. We aimed to analyze the differences in fishing strategies undertaken by fishers that use two different diving methods (hookah and free diving), the conditions and their potential impacts on catches when adjustments to those strategies are applied over time. For this, detailed information of fishing operations from artisanal boats in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica was analyzed in two fishing seasons (2007-2008 and 2011-2012). Data were collected by onboard observers (fishing site, fishing time, species composition, depth and visibility). Additionally, interviews with divers were applied to obtain information of price per species, species volume and fishing operations. From the total number of trips during both seasons, hookah diving was represented by a sample size of 69.3%, while free diving, with a sample of 41.9%. More than 15 species were identified in each fishing season. Nevertheless, three categories had substantial contributions in both seasons with differences in the proportions for each case: green lobster (Panulirus gracilis), octopus (Octopus sp.) and parrotfish (Scarus perrico and S. ghobban). It is worth noting that an important proportion of catch was retained by fishers for personal consumption purposes, including species of high commercial value. Additional night diving activity, increased the number of dives from one season to another. Besides, cooperation processes in free diving fishing operations, and changes in fishing effort between seasons, defined important changes in fishing strategies. Potential causes of changes in fishing strategies and the implications for management to ensure the sustainability of these fisheries in the long term are discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1565-1586. Epub 2014 December 01.

Flotas de pesca extranjeras en el Pacífico costarricense y su traslape con áreas protegidas oceánicas, el ordenamiento pesquero y el Domo Térmico

“…El control del esfuerzo de pesca, de la mano con una buena gobernanza, es esencial para encaminar las pesquerías hacia la sostenibilidad a largo plazo, de la mano con la salud ecosistémica (Naranjo Madrigal & Salas Márquez, 2014). Por eso, cada vez es más importante el desarrollo de análisis cuantitativos del esfuerzo pesquero.…”

“…Variables como producción primaria de fitoplancton, oxígeno disuelto y nitrato son importantes de considerar, ya que ha sido encontrado que se correlacionan positivamente con la captura de especies de peces de valor pesquero y con la efectividad de esa captura (Bigelow et al, 2002;Jufaili & Piontkovski, 2019;Piontkovski & Al-Hashmi, 2018). Un aumento en capturas puede llevar a disminuir la disponibilidad de recursos y, con eso, a aumentar el esfuerzo pesquero, para compensar, aunque el aumento en esfuerzo no siempre es garantía de aumento en capturas (Naranjo Madrigal & Salas Márquez, 2014).…”