Dimorphism of calcium oxalate crystals in stem tissues of Rhipsalideae (Cactaceae) - a contribution to the systematics and taxonomy of the tribe

Hartl, Walter P. HartlW.P.; Barbier, Bruno; Klapper, Helmut Müller; Barthlott, Wilhelm

doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2003/0124-0287

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In the Cactaceae family, crystals have contributed to the delimitation of subfamilies and genera; for example, Conde (1975) mentions that druses located in the Opuntia hypodermis defi ne the Opuntioideae subfamily, an asseveration supported by their type of biominerals present (Monje and Baran, 2002). Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals located in epidermal or cortical cells distinguish species of the Rhipsalis genus, while calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals characterize species of the Lepismium, Hatioria, and Schlumbergera genera (Hartl et al, 2003). Terrazas and LozaCornejo (2002) found prismatic crystals in the epidermis of the species of Neobuxbaumia, Cephalocereus, and Pseudomitrocereus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomes with crystals in the Cephalocereus Pfeiff. areoles

2014

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This research describes the trichomes produced in the old vegetative areoles of the fi ve species of Cephalocereus Pfeiff. Light and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize the crystals present in the stem vegetative areoles far from the apical meristem. We are reporting for the fi rst time for the Cactaceae family capitated trichomes with crystals. Crystals had diverse shapes (prismatic, styloid, sandy) and they all contain C as their principal element, as well as Na, Cl, Si, Mg, S, and Ca in different concentrations. Trichome and crystal characteristics allowed distinguishing the species of Cephalocereus. For example, capitate trichomes are shared by C. columna-trajani and C. senilis but differ because in C. columna-trajani there is one prismatic crystal per cell and sandy crystals in C. senilis. The other three species share non-capitated trichomes with prismatic crystals in the apical cell and styloids in the other cells. The species of Cephalocereus share the ontogenetic pathway of producing trichomes and spines in the areoles far from the apical meristem, suggesting that trichomes with crystals may be protecting the spines meristems. Key words: biominerals, Cephalocereus apicicephalium, Cephalocereus columna-trajani, Cephalocereus nizandensis, EDAX, scanning electron microscopy.Resumen: Esta investigación describe los tricomas de las areolas vegetativas de las cinco especies de Cephalocereus. La microscopía fotónica y electrónica de barrido, así como el análisis dispersivo de energía de rayos X, se utilizaron para caracterizar los cristales presentes en las areolas vegetativas de los tallos. Se reporta por primera vez para la familia Cactaceae tricomas capitados con cristales. Los cristales tuvieron diversas formas (prismas, estiloides, arena) y todos ellos contienen C como su elemento principal, así como Na, Cl, Si, Mg, S y Ca en diferentes concentraciones. Las características de los tricomas y de los cristales permitieron distinguir las especies de Cephalocereus. Por ejemplo, los tricomas capitados son compartidos por C. columna-trajani y C. senilis, pero se diferencian porque en C. columna-trajani hay un cristal prismático por célula y cristales de arena en C. senilis. Las otras tres especies comparten los tricomas no capitados con cristales prismáticos en la célula apical y estiloides en las otras células. Las especies de Cephalocereus comparten la vía ontogenética de producir tricomas y espinas en las areolas lejos del meristemo apical, lo que sugiere que los tricomas con cristales pueden estar protegiendo los meristemos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomes with crystals in the Cephalocereus Pfeiff. areoles

2014

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“…Terrazas and Arias (2003) produced a complete review about the stem anatomy of the subfamily Cactoideae where they emphasized the great relevance of the anatomical characters for the study of the taxonomy and evolution of this subfamily. Anatomical studies within Rhipsalis were produced in the wider context of the family with few species analyzed (Eggli 1984;Gibson 1973;Mauseth and Plemons-Rodriguez 1998) or inside the tribe Rhipsalideae in the work of Hartl et al (2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem anatomy of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) and its relevance for taxonomy

2008

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Several species of the genus Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) are extremely important as ornamentals and are endangered in their natural habitat. However, only a few studies have addressed its taxonomy, morphology (including anatomy), phylogeny and evolutionary history. Consequently, the limited knowledge of the genus coupled with the problematic delimitation of species had led to problems in the identification of taxa. In the current work six species of Rhipsalis, R. cereoides, R. elliptica, R. grandiflora, R. paradoxa, R. pentaptera and R. teres were studied to evaluate the relevance of anatomical characters for the taxonomy of the genus. An anatomical characterization of the primary structure of the stem of Rhipsalis is provided highlighting the differences between species. Features of the stem epidermis are found to discriminate best between species and therefore provide clear and useful characters for the separation of species.

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