Diminutions of acceleration and deceleration output during professional football match play

Akenhead, Richard; Hayes, Philip R.; Thompson, Kevin G.; French, Duncan N.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.005

Cited by 231 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A possible cause for the limited recovery during half time is that half time is simply too short to completely restore players' resources. The large increase in fatigue during the second half concurs well with performance decrements that are observed in the second halves of matches [11,29,30], and can most likely be explained by decrements in momentary performance capacity that result from an accumulation of workload during a match. Against expectations, even at the end of a match, in absolute terms, on average only moderate fatigue scores were observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Fatigue experiences in competitive soccer: development during matches and the impact of general performance capacity

Barte

Nieuwenhuys

Geurts

et al. 2017

Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior

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Background: Fatigue as a result of prolonged activity may increase injury risk and decrease performance. Purpose: To provide insight in the development of fatigue experiences during soccer matches and the extent to which general performance capacity (i.e. overall physical fitness, psychological fitness, and recovery) contributes to these fatigue experiences. Methods: 450 Soccer players from the highest divisions in the Netherlands completed a questionnaire to assess (a) fatigue experiences (feeling tired, physically exhausted, not fit, weak, and mentally exhausted: not at all [1] -very much [7]) during a typical match; and (b) subjective indices of general performance capacity (i.e. general capacity to handle workload). Results: On average, fatigue levels were reported to be moderate. Fatigue increased primarily during the second half of the match and only a small decrease in fatigue was observed during half time. Generally, higher intensity fatigue experiences were reported by attackers than defenders. Regression analyses showed that players' general performance capacity explained a substantial part of fatigue at the start of a match and also predicted the development of fatigue experiences during a match, with low performance capacity being associated with higher baseline levels of fatigue and a steeper increase in fatigue over time. Conclusions: The observed association between players' general performance capacity and their fatigue levels during matches suggests that periodic screening of general performance capacity can be informative with regard to the employability of players across different stages of match-play and as such, aid in reducing injury risk and increasing performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Fatigue experiences in competitive soccer: development during matches and the impact of general performance capacity

Barte

Nieuwenhuys

Geurts

et al. 2017

Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, match activity based on samples of less than 90 min that are extrapolated to 90 min could possibly overestimate full match activity. However, when we extrapolate 60 min match samples to 90 min and compare those to the measured data in studies that divided their 90 min data in 15 min bins (Mohr et al 2003;Bradley et al 2009;Akenhead et al 2013;Russell et al 2014) we see that extrapolation leads to an overestimation of complete match data of about 4% for measures of total distance, high-speed running distance and acceleration and deceleration. Moreover, in our study, the inclusion of these 22 samples of less than 90 min led to values for the internal and external load variables that were only about 2% higher (ranging from -0.1% for running to 4.6% for medium deceleration) compared to our samples (N = 15) of complete (90 min) matches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Quantification of in-season training load relative to match load in professional Dutch Eredivisie football players

Stevens¹,

Ruiter²,

Twisk

et al. 2017

Science and Medicine in Football

163

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Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to quantify and compare the load of a professional football team's training days and matches and (2) to compare training of nonstarters the day after the match with regular training of starters and nonstarters. Methods: On-field training load during in-season training days (categorized as days before match day, i.e., MD minus) and 3 friendly matches were recorded using alocal positioning measurement system. Results: Mixed linear models showed lower load when training approached match day. Relative to match values (100%), training values for running (52 -20%; MD-4 -MD-1) and high-speed running (38 -15%) were lower than for total distance (67 -35%), and all considerably lower than match values. On average, medium and high accelerations and decelerations during training were more similar to match values (90 -39%). Load during nonstarters training was lower than during regular training for almost all variables on MD-4 and several high-intensity variables on MD-3 and MD-2. Conclusions: The results highlight that acceleration and deceleration measures complement more commonly used external load variables based on distance and speed. Furthermore, nonstarters are potentially under-loaded compared to starters, especially in terms of (high-speed) running.

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“…Although no studies have yet been conducted, these measures could be a valid means for interpreting changes in performance and subsequently individualising recovery strategies according to a more accurate account of the match loads imposed on players [28]. Indeed, recent research using global positioning systems (10 Hz sampling) in elite players has shown that the distance covered in rapid acceleration/deceleration phases is potentially more sensitive than high-speed distance alone in detecting variations in match running performance [29]. However, the results from this study should be interpreted with caution due to ongoing concerns regarding the validity and accuracy of the GPS technology for measuring such activities [30].…”

Section: Additional Running Performance-related Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Match Running Performance During Fixture Congestion in Elite Soccer: Research Issues and Future Directions

et al. 2015

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It has been proposed that match congestion in elite soccer results in residual fatigue and underperformance in ensuing competition due to insufficient recovery time. In this article, matters relating to match congestion and running performance in elite soccer competition are discussed. We suggest a need to determine the extent to which elite players are, in reality, exposed to periods of match congestion and hence to potential declines in performance. Despite evidence of exercise-induced muscle damage combined with a decline in physical performance up to 72 h post-match, research using time-motion analyses suggests that running performance represented by distances covered is unaffected over periods of match congestion. We recommend analysis of alternative movement variables including accelerations, decelerations and turns that are taxing metabolically and contribute greatly to muscle damage. Moreover, a holistic approach combining subjective ratings with biochemical, hormonal and immunological responses to exercise would be pertinent, especially in players frequently exposed to match congestion. Contemporary practitioners typically implement various postmatch recovery treatments during dense schedules in an attempt to accelerate recovery and ensure that subsequent running performance is not unduly affected. However, empirical evidence to support their efficacy in maintaining running performance is lacking and we recommend controlled intervention studies using match simulations in an attempt to verify their effectiveness. These points are critically addressed using findings from the current scientific literature, while gaps in the current body of knowledge and future directions for research are highlighted. Key PointsThis paper suggests a need for research to determine the extent to which elite senior soccer players are actually exposed to periods of fixture congestion.Modifications in the design of time-motion studies are recommended to establish whether players' match running profiles are in reality compromised during intensified competition periods.Controlled intervention studies using match simulations are also recommended to verify the efficacy of post-match recovery modalities on competitive running performance.

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Diminutions of acceleration and deceleration output during professional football match play

Cited by 231 publications

References 27 publications

Fatigue experiences in competitive soccer: development during matches and the impact of general performance capacity

Fatigue experiences in competitive soccer: development during matches and the impact of general performance capacity

Quantification of in-season training load relative to match load in professional Dutch Eredivisie football players

Match Running Performance During Fixture Congestion in Elite Soccer: Research Issues and Future Directions

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