Diminished autonomy over tobacco can appear with the first cigarettes

Scragg, Robert; Wellman, Robert J.; Laugesen, Murray; DiFranza, Joseph R.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.12.002

Cited by 99 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Consistent with many previous studies demonstrating dependence and failed cessation in nondaily smokers of all ages, [31][32][33] we note that although 38.2% of our subjects were nondaily smokers, the overall abstinence rate at 3 months was only 11%. Our analysis of predictors of cessation outcomes is the subject of a separate report, but it is obvious that the majority of nondaily smokers failed to maintain abstinence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effectiveness of a School Nurse–Delivered Smoking-Cessation Intervention for Adolescents

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Most adolescent smokers want to quit and make serious attempts to quit. However, few seek medical assistance, and most are unsuccessful in their efforts to stop. Therefore, accessible, effective treatment approaches are needed for adolescents who want to quit smoking. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Results demonstrate that a brief smoking-cessation intervention delivered by school nurses in the school health setting is feasible and moderately effective in helping adolescents to stop smoking. abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a school nurse-delivered smoking-cessation intervention in increasing abstinence among adolescent smokers. METHODS:Thirty-five high schools were pair-matched and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions, each of which consisted of 4 visits with the school nurse: (1) counseling intervention using the 5 A's model and cognitive-behavioral techniques; or (2) an information-attention control condition. Adolescents (n ϭ 1068) who reported past 30-day smoking and interest in quitting completed surveys at baseline and at 3 and 12 months and provided saliva samples for biochemical validation of reported smoking abstinence. RESULTS:Intervention condition participants were almost twice as likely to be abstinent per self-report at 3 months (odds ratio: 1.90 [95% confidence interval: 1.12-3.24]; P ϭ .017) compared with control participants; at 12 months there were no differences. The difference at 3 months was driven by quit rates in male students (15.0% [intervention] vs 4.9% [control]; odds ratio: 3.23 [95% confidence interval: 1.63-6.43]; P ϭ .001); there was no intervention effect in female students at either time point (6.6% vs 7.0% at 3 months and 16.6% vs 15.5% at 12 months) and no intervention effect in male students at 12 months (13.9% vs 13.2%). Smoking amount and frequency decreased significantly in intervention compared with control schools at 3 but not at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS:A school nurse-delivered smoking-cessation intervention proved feasible and effective in improving short-term abstinence among adolescent boys and short-term reductions in smoking amount and frequency in both genders. Additional research is needed to enhance both cessation and maintained abstinence. Pediatrics 2011;128: 926-936

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effectiveness of a School Nurse–Delivered Smoking-Cessation Intervention for Adolescents

et al. 2011

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“…For example, occasional smoking may lead to regular daily smoking and addiction (DiFranza et al 2002;Moran et al 2004;Scragg et al 2008); this outcome is consistent with the higher prevalence of smoking among young adults compared to other age groups and with evidence that the age of smoking initiation has increased . Young adults who transition from school to university or workplace settings experience fundamental changes in their social contexts and identity that may promote smoking among occasional smokers, and foster their progression to daily smoking (Kenford et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The association of smoking with drinking pattern may provide opportunities to reduce smoking among students

Marsh

Cousins

Gray

et al. 2016

Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online

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There is evidence that smoking and alcohol consumption are paired behaviours among university students, but we know little about how New Zealand students engage in these behaviours. We estimated prevalence of daily and occasional smoking among university students, and associations of smoking with drinking patterns, demographics and smokefree policies of the university. This research was conducted with 2822 university students, aged 17-25, from five New Zealand universities who participated in an online health survey in 2013. Fourteen percent reported they currently smoke occasionally, and 3% reported smoking on a daily basis. Increasing age, living situation, drinking more often, and drinking more alcohol during drinking occasions were all associated with greater levels of smoking. Understanding patterns of smoking in relation to alcohol consumption may help efforts to further reduce smoking prevalence. Specifically, policy makers should consider approaches that de-couple tobacco and alcohol consumption, such as expanding the smokefree perimeter of bars and disallowing the sale of tobacco at premises licensed to sell alcohol.

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“…17 This model suggests that, for adolescents, even infrequent smoking, such as at monthly intervals, is enough to put the individual at risk of dependence. 18,19 With nondaily smoking, even after the first cigarette, early symptoms of dependence, such as wanting to smoke or craving a cigarette, can develop if adolescents go too long without a cigarette. 20 One study has shown that monthly smoking can increase the likelihood of developing dependence by 10-fold.…”

Section: Criteria For Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents

Siqueira¹,

Ryan²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2017

Pediatrics

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Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and users of tobacco products seek out its effects. The highly addictive nature of nicotine is responsible for its widespread use and difficulty with quitting. This technical report focuses on nicotine and discusses the stages of use in progression to dependence on nicotine-containing products; the physiologic characteristics, neurobiology, metabolism, pharmacogenetics, and health effects of nicotine; and acute nicotine toxicity. Finally, some newer approaches to cessation are noted.

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Diminished autonomy over tobacco can appear with the first cigarettes

Cited by 99 publications

References 12 publications

Effectiveness of a School Nurse–Delivered Smoking-Cessation Intervention for Adolescents

Effectiveness of a School Nurse–Delivered Smoking-Cessation Intervention for Adolescents

The association of smoking with drinking pattern may provide opportunities to reduce smoking among students

Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents

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