Dimethyltryptamine: Endogenous Role and Therapeutic Potential

Rodrigues, Alexandra Vsl; Almeida, Francisco Jcg; Vieira-Coelho, Maria Augusta

doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1602291

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…No clinical studies of DMT use alone in depression treatment were found, as all of the included studies dosed ayahuasca, and it should be remembered that ayahuasca is administered with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which may have an effect on mood themselves. It should also be remembered that ayahuasca contains other alkaloids, such as harmine or harmaline, and since it is a decoction of the plants themselves, it is difficult to estimate the dose of alkaloids consumed [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently, formerly illicit substances came to scientists’ attention, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Some studies suggest that these substances might be effective in depression treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of LSD, psilocybin and DMT in depression treatment in the light of current medical literature. The authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for this systematic review. The authors searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant publications. Finally, 10 papers were included. Most of the selected studies showed significant correlation between psilocybin and DMT use and reduction in depression symptom intensity. By analyzing qualified studies, it can be concluded that psilocybin and DMT could be useful in depression treatment, but further observations are still required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…Several additional mechanisms of action have been identified for ayahuasca, positioning it as a potential 'multi-target' drug. These include the activation (by DMT) of both sigma-1 and trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR), suggested to play a key role in addiction behaviours as well as being involved in depression, anxiety and fear extinction (Rodrigues et al, 2019).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal psychedelics for mental health and addiction: Advancing research of an emerging paradigm

Perkins

Sarris

Rossell

et al. 2021

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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The medical use of psychedelic substances (e.g. psilocybin, ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is attracting renewed interest, driven by a pressing need for research and development of novel therapies for psychiatric disorders, as well as promising results of contemporary studies. In this Viewpoint, we reflect upon the ‘Clinical Memorandum on Psychedelics’ recently released by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists and note subsequent developments including the application for down-scheduling of psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine presently being considered by the Therapeutic Goods Administration and approvals for access via the Special Access Scheme. We suggest that this field is worthy of rigorous research to assess potential benefits, address safety parameters and clarify therapeutic mechanisms. To this end, we outline recent research findings, provide an overview of current knowledge relating to mechanisms of action and discuss salient aspects of the psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy treatment model. The sum of this research points towards medicinal psychedelics as a potential new class of psychiatric treatments when used within a medically supervised framework with integrated psychotherapeutic support. However, before widespread translation into clinical use can occur, appropriately designed and sufficiently powered trials are required to detect both potential positive and negative outcomes. Unique safety and regulatory challenges also need to be addressed. As for any new medical therapy, psychedelic research needs to be conducted in a rigorous manner, through the dispassionate lens of scientific enquiry. Carte blanche availability to practitioners, without specific protocols and appropriate training, would be potentially harmful to individuals and detrimental to the field.

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“…Güney Amerika'da, Peru'da DMT içeren "Ayahuasca" meşrubatları içilmektedir. 35 Yine, kargı kamışından yapılan ve Mevlana'nın kullandığı neyde de DMT molekülü bulunmuştur.…”

Section: Dimetiltriptamin (Dmt Molekülü)unclassified

“…Retina periferinde ise her bir ganglion hücresi yaklaşık olarak 200 basil ile bağlantı hâlindedir. Foveada yaklaşık 35.000 kon hücresi bulunur. Her bir kon hücresi, bir ganglion hücresi ile bağlantılı olduğundan foveada görme keskinliği en yüksek seviyededir.…”

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Retinal Ganglion Cell and Epiphysis (Pineal Gland, Third Eye)

Altınbay¹

2020

Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol

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ÖZET Retinanın en iç tabakasını oluşturan ganglion hücre tabakası, fotoreseptörlerden gelen sinyalleri, optik sinir aracılığı ile beyne iletmektedir. X tipi ganglion hücre, keskin görüş ve renk görmemizden, W tipi ganglion hücre kaba görüşten sorumludur. Ganglion hücresi reseptif alanında, horizontal hücrelerin lateral inhibitör etkisinden dolayı "Merkez açık-çevre kapalı" organizasyonu vardır. Bu yüzden, ganglion hücrelerinin uyarılması için aydınlığın kontrastlı bir şekle, desene döndürülmesi gereklidir. Retinal ganglion hücre fonksiyonunu değerlendirmede, patern mod elektrofizyolojik testler ve pupillometri (pupillografi), bilgisayarlı görme alanına yardımcı tetkikler olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Elektroretinografide fotopik negatif yanıt (PhNR) dalga amplitüdünde azalma ve patern mod elektroretinogramda N95/P50 oranında düşme, ganglion hücre hasarında benzer tanısal değere sahiptir. Optik sinirler aracılığı ile optik traktusa iletilen sinyallerin bir kısmı retinohipotalamik liflerle, suprakiazmatik nükleusa ve oradan da süperior servikal ganglion aracılığı ile epifize ulaşır. Epifiz bezi; ışıkla olan ilişkisinden, şeklinden, histolojisinden ve mistik özelliklerinen dolayı "Üçüncü göz" olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Epifiz bezi karanlığa duyarlıdır ve hormon salgılaması ışık ile inhibe olmaktadır. Salgılanan hormonlardan serotonin, mutluluk hormonu olarak bilinirken, melatonin biyolojik ritmimizi düzenleyen hormon olarak, dimetiltriptamin ise ruh molekülü olarak bilinir. Melatoninin göz içi basıncını düşürdüğü, korneal yara iyileşmesini artırdığı ve katarakt gelişimini azalttığı yönünde çalışmalar vardır. Epifiz bezi yaşla ve bazı maddeler tarafından pasifize olmakta ve görevini günümüzde maalesef tam olarak yapamamaktadır. Epifiz bezini tekrar aktive edebilmek için florür gibi zararlı maddelerden uzak durmak, transmeditasyon yapmak gibi önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Epifiz bezinin histopatolojik olarak çeşitli tipte tümörleri görülebilmektedir. Göz hastalıklarını değerlendirirken retina-epifiz bağlantısı akıllara gelmeli, özellikle çocuklarda göz hareket bozukluklarında epifiz tümörleri unutulmamalıdır. Anah tar Ke li me ler: Dimetiltriptamin; epifiz bezi; melatonin; retinal ganglion hücre ABS TRACT The ganglion cell layer, which forms the innermost layer of the retina, transmits signals coming from the photoreceptors to the brain through the optic nerve. The X-type ganglion cell is responsible for our sharp vision and color vision, the W-type ganglion cell is responsible for coarse vision. In the receptive field of the ganglion cell, there is a "On center off surround" organization due to the lateral inhibitory effect of horizontal cells. Therefore, in order to stimulate the ganglion cells, it is necessary to rotate the brightness to a contrast-like pattern. In the evaluation of retinal ganglion cell function, pattern mod electrophysiological tests and pupillometry (pupillography) can be used as ancillary tests to the computerized visual field analysis. The decrease in photopic negative response wave amplitude in ...

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Dimethyltryptamine: Endogenous Role and Therapeutic Potential

Cited by 19 publications

References 114 publications

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review

Medicinal psychedelics for mental health and addiction: Advancing research of an emerging paradigm

Retinal Ganglion Cell and Epiphysis (Pineal Gland, Third Eye)

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