Dimethyl carbonate as potential reactant in non-catalytic biodiesel production by supercritical method

Ilham, Zul; Saka, Shiro

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.050

Cited by 108 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Alkoxysilanes are important chemicals for the ceramic industry; in particular, tetramethoxysilane can be produced from DMC and silica [18]. Ilham et al [19] studied the application of DMC for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production instead of the conventional process from methanol. Besides the low price of methanol, the co-products formed from DMC (glycerol carbonate and citramalic acid) are more valuable than glycerol, co-product from the transesterification of triglycerides.…”

Section: Dmc As Building Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate

et al. 2014

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This review summarizes the state-of-the-art for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide and methanol. In addition, conventional and alternative processes are also discussed in order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the direct synthesis of DMC. Furthermore, the major applications of DMC are described: solvent, fuels additive, and building block for organic synthesis. The major drawbacks of the direct synthesis of DMC are the low yield and reaction rate, mostly induced by the highly stable carbon dioxide molecules. The development of novel catalyst and strategies to enhance the DMC yield -such as dehydrating agents that remove the water from the reacting mixture -are pointed out as the key solution for this route. Therefore, the main catalysts (homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts) used so far are presented, together with the respective operating conditions and catalyst performance. The use of different dehydrating agents to increase the DMC yield is also discussed.

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Section: Dmc As Building Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate

et al. 2014

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“…There are many adaptable methods to conduct transesterification such as mechanical stirring, supercritical alcohol, ultrasonic irradiation, etc. [34][35][36][37][38][39]. More details of each method will be demonstrated in the followings sections.…”

Section: Possible Methods For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Technologies for Biodiesel Fuel Production and Utilization of Glycerol: A Review

et al. 2012

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More than 10 million tons of biodiesel fuel (BDF) have been produced in the world from the transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol by using acid catalysts (sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 ), alkaline catalysts (sodium hydroxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide, KOH), solid catalysts and enzymes. Unfortunately, the price of BDF is still more expensive than that of petro diesel fuel due to the lack of a suitable raw material oil. Here, we review the best selection of BDF production systems including raw materials, catalysts and production technologies. In addition, glycerol formed as a by-product needs to be converted to useful chemicals to reduce the amount of glycerol waste. With this in mind, we have also reviewed some recent studies on the utilization of glycerol.

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“…Supercritical alcohol can be used as a medium and raw material in non-catalytic biodiesel production. On the topic of reducing by products, such as glycerol, during biodiesel production process, supercritical methyl acetate [13,14] and supercritical dimethyl carbonate [15] were used to replace the supercritical alcohol. However, methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate are toxic materials and lower ignition properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation for Biodiesel Purification Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Wei

Huang

et al. 2014

Energies

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Abstract:In recent years, biodegradable and alternative biodiesel has attracted increased attention worldwide. Producing biodiesel from biomass involves critical separation and purification technology. Conventional technologies such as gravitational settling, decantation, filtration, water washing, acid washing, organic solvent washing and absorbent applications are inefficient, less cost effective and environmentally less friendly. In this study supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) with few steps and a low environmental impact, was used for biodiesel fractionation from impure fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) solution mixes. The method is suitable for application in a variety of biodiesel production processes requiring subsequent stages of purification. The fractionation and purification was carried out using continuous SC-CO 2 fractionation equipment, consisting of three columns filled with stainless steel fragments. A 41.85% FAME content solution mix was used as the raw material in this study. Variables were a temperature range of 40-70 °C, pressure range of 10-30 MPa, SC-CO 2 flow rate range of 7-21 mL/min and a retention time range of 30-90 min. The Taguchi method was used to identify optimal operating conditions. The results show that a separated FAME content of 99.94% was verified by GC-FID under optimal fractionation conditions, which are a temperature of 40 °C of, a pressure level of 30MPa and a flow rate of 7 mL/min of SC-CO 2 for a retention time of 90 min. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 825

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Dimethyl carbonate as potential reactant in non-catalytic biodiesel production by supercritical method

Cited by 108 publications

References 15 publications

Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate

Review for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate

Catalytic Technologies for Biodiesel Fuel Production and Utilization of Glycerol: A Review

Fractionation for Biodiesel Purification Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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