Dimercaptan–polyaniline composite electrodes for lithium batteries with high energy density

Oyama, Noboru; Tatsuma, Tetsu; Sato, Tomotaka; Sotomura, Tadashi

doi:10.1038/373598a0

Cited by 503 publications

(294 citation statements)

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“…Many polymers have been investigated as the cathode electrodes of LIBs, including conductive polymers, 120,121 poly (organosulfur), 122 and radical polymers. 123,124 Among them, CPs have attracted the most intense attention, mainly because of their inherent conductive and electroactive properties.…”

Section: Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the radical polymers, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) was first studied as the cathode of LIBs, exhibiting relatively high capacity, high rate performance, and long cycling life. 122 Graphene/PTMA composite materials were prepared through a dispersing-depositing process, in which graphene served as a conductive support. 28 This composite displays a reversible two-electron process redox reaction and improved reversible capacity of 222 mA h g À1 at 1 C, and this value is about twice that of pristine PTMA (100 mA h g À1 ).…”

Section: Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

229

120

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Graphene has wide potential applications in energyrelated systems, mainly because of its unique atom-thick twodimensional structure, high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency, great mechanical strength, inherent flexibility, and huge specific surface area. For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form composites, especially when fabricating flexible devices. Graphene/polymer composites have been explored as electrodes of supercapacitors or lithium ion batteries, counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, transparent conducting electrodes and active layers of organic solar cells, catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the synthesis and applications of graphene/polymer composites for energy applications. The challenges and prospects in this field have also been discussed. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 231-253 KEYWORDS: composites; energy; fuel cell; graphene; lithium ion battery; redox polymers; solar cell; supercapacitor; synthesis INTRODUCTION Energy is one of the most important recent topics of concern to human society. To replace conventional fossil fuels, clean and renewable energies based on sunlight, wind, new chemicals, and biofuels are urgently demanded. Therefore, materials that can directly convert or store renewable energies are being extensively studied. Among them, graphene has recently attracted a great deal of attention because of its unique atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) structure 1,2 and excellent electrical, 2 thermal, 3 optical, and mechanical properties. 4,5 Graphene is a promising material for applications in various energy-related systems such as supercapacitors, 6-9 secondary batteries, 10-14 solar cells, 15-17 and fuel cells. [18][19][20] For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form functional composites. [21][22][23] The polymer component can improve the processability and/or flexibility of graphene materials, and also possibly provide them with new functions. To date, various graphene composites with insulating or conducting polymers (CPs) have been prepared through noncovalent 22 or covalent approaches. 24 They have also been applied as electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries (LIBs), 25-29 counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), 15,30,31 and transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) 32,33 or active layers of organic solar cells, 34 catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. [35][36][37] This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene/polymer composites and their energy applications.

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Section: Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

229

120

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“…Entre os compósitos utilizando polímeros condutores, pode-se afirmar que um dos mais bem sucedidos é o formado entre a PANI e o 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-tiadiazol, DMcT, reportado inicialmente por Oyama et al 149 . O emprego destes dois materiais em cátodos de baterias secundárias de lítio está baseado no efeito sinergético resultante.…”

Section: Figura 4 A) Perfis De Corrente (---) E Variação De Massa (-unclassified

Materiais para cátodos de baterias secundárias de lítio

Varela¹,

Huguenin²,

Malta³

et al. 2002

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 21/12/00; aceito em 4/7/01 MATERIALS FOR CATHODES OF SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES. In this work, cathodes employed in secondary lithium batteries are reviewed. These cathodes have great technologic and scientific importance, specifically, materials for cathodes as electronic conductor polymers (ECP), transition metal oxides (TMO) and nanocomposites of ECP/TMO. The use of a specific cathodic material is based in some intrinsic characteristics that improve the performance of the battery. Thus, some vantages and disvantages of these insertion compounds are discussed, as lithium insertion capacity, energy density, and the ciclability of these materials.Keywords: secondary lithium batteries; cathodic materials; transition metal oxides; electronic conducting polymers; nanocomposites. INTRODUÇÃOUma fonte eletroquímica de potência ou bateria pode ser definida como um dispositivo capaz de converter diretamente a energia liberada numa reação química em energia elétrica. As baterias apresentam basicamente duas funções principais, a primeira é agir como fontes portáteis de potência elétrica. A segunda, que tem crescido em importância nos últimos trinta anos, está baseada na habilidade de certos sistemas eletroquímicos de armazenar a energia suprida por uma fonte externa. Tais baterias são utilizadas, em veículos elé-tricos, fontes de emergência, como parte de um sistema de fornecimento de curta duração para demandas em pico e em conjunção com fontes renováveis de energia, como solar ou eólica, por exemplo.A primeira descrição de uma bateria eletroquímica foi feita pelo italiano Alessandro Volta em 1800. Tal "descoberta" representa o marco na história da eletroquímica e, particularmente, na história dos dispositivos denominados genericamente baterias. Desde então, um notável progresso tem sido feito na área de armazenamento eletroquímico de energia. Hoje, pode-se enumerar uma grande variedade de dispositivos englobados na categoria de baterias: células metal-ar, metal-hidreto metálico (Ni-HM), níquel-cádmio (Ni-Cd), células térmicas, íons-Lítio, entre outras.O mercado para dispositivos primários consiste basicamente na produção de baterias para aparelhos portáteis. As baterias secundá-rias ou recarregáveis representam maior interesse devido à grande demanda atual de aparelhos celulares e microcomputadores portá-teis. Em 1997, por exemplo, dos 34 bilhões de dólares movimentados com baterias, 24 foram destinados às baterias secundárias 1 .Graças à simplicidade e reversibilidade das reações eletroquímicas de inserção ou intercalação, a grande maioria dos dispositivos secundários que operam à temperatura ambiente é baseada nos chamados eletrodos de inserção. Como exemplos, têm-se os dispositivos secundários aquosos, como hidreto metálico/NiOOH ou Zn/MnO 2 , que envolvem a inserção de H + no hidreto metálico 2,3 ou MnO 2 4,5. Até mesmo o mecanismo de redução do eletrodo positivo das baterias de chumbo ácido, PbO 2 6,7 pode ser atribuído ao processo de inserção de H + 8 .Considerando-se a utilização de cátions metálicos...

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“…Among conducting polymers, polyamine (PAN) has been widely studied and used in rechargeable batteries 1,2 and electrocatalysis, [3][4][5][6][7] due to its promising chemical, electrical and optical properties, unique doping/de-doping behavior, as well as its facile and easy synthesis and good environmental stability. [8][9][10][11][12] However, PAN only exhibits electrochemical activity under acidic conditions, normally pH < 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of a Polyaniline Network on a Poly(o-aminophenol) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Use for the Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid

Zhang

Lin

2012

ANAL. SCI.

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A polyaniline (PAN) network structure was fabricated on a poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by using a three-step electrochemical deposition procedure, and applied to the electro-catalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) have been employed to investigate the PAN network structure on a POAP modified GCE (PAN-OAP/GCE), which indicated the formation of a 3-dimensional (3D) non-periodic PAN network with good electrical contract and the maintenance of the electro-activity of PAN in neutral and even in alkaline media. Because of its different catalytic effect towards the electro-oxidation of AA and UA, the PAN-OAP/GCE could resolve the overlapped voltammetric response of AA and UA into two sharp and well-defined voltammetric peaks with both CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which could be applied for the selective and simultaneous determination of AA and UA in their binary mixture. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves for AA and UA were in the range of 2.5 -6200 and 0.5 -450 μmol L -1 with correlation coefficients of 0.998 and 0.998, respectively. The detection limits (S/N = 3) are 1.4 and 0.3 μmol L -1 for AA and UA, respectively. Besides good stability and reproducibility, the PAN-OAP/GCE also exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity. The proposed method has been applied to the simultaneous detection of AA and UA in human urine with satisfactory result.

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Dimercaptan–polyaniline composite electrodes for lithium batteries with high energy density

Cited by 503 publications

References 3 publications

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Materiais para cátodos de baterias secundárias de lítio

Electrochemical Synthesis of a Polyaniline Network on a Poly(o-aminophenol) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Use for the Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid

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