Dimer acid used as CO₂‐responsive surfactant for reducing viscosity of heavy crude oil

Abstract

The efficacy of CO2‐switchable surfactants in reducing viscosity of heavy crude oil has received widespread attention due to its switchable surface activity for constructing reversible emulsion. However, the intricate synthesis processes of these surfactants pose a significant challenge in their practical application. The present investigation involved the preparation of surfactants that are responsive to CO2, specifically dimer acid (DA)/tetramethylpropylenediamine (TMPDA), through a facile mixing approach. These surfactants were subsequently employed to mitigate the high viscosity of heavy crude oil. The study employed a surface tension meter to examine the surface behavior of DA/TMPDA, which demonstrated the potential for reducing viscosity. The study examined the CO2 responsiveness of DA/TMPDA through the application of alternating CO2 and N2. It confirmed the reversible CO2 responsiveness of the surface activator. The results from the emulsification and viscosity reduction assessments suggest that the amalgamation of DA and TMPDA in a 1:1 molar ratio yielded a surfactant. This surfactant demonstrated favorable stability in water and heavy crude oil emulsions, as well as low viscosity and rapid emulsion breaking upon exposure to CO2. This investigation demonstrates that it is feasible to produce surfactants that are responsive to CO2 and possess the ability to reduce viscosity through a straightforward mixing process. This presents a viable approach to utilizing oligomeric surfactants that are CO2‐responsive for the purposes of emulsifying and breaking down heavy crude oil.

Electrocatalysis in deep eutectic solvents: from fundamental properties to applications

“…(ii) Introducing additives such as surfactants into DES systems. [225][226][227] (iii) Adjusting the temperature of DESs during catalysis.…”