Dimensions of Self-Identification Among Multiracial and Multiethnic Respondents in Survey Interviews

Johnson, Timothy P.; Jobe, Jared B.; O'Rourke, Diane; Sudman, Seymour; Warnecke, Richard B.; Chávez, Noel; Chapa-Resendez, Gloria; Golden, Patricia

doi:10.1177/0193841x9702100602

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For example, some multiracial youth may not feel as though one or the other of their monoracial groups is the one with which they always identify most strongly. If this is the case, such items could be confusing, off‐putting, or even offensive to multiracial youth who may feel that having to choose one implies that they are rejecting other parts of their identity (see Johnson et al, ). Asking parents to choose one monoracial category for their multiracial child could also be perceived as asking them to ignore either their partner’s background or their own.…”

Section: Next Steps: Including Multiracial Youth In Developmental Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Developmental Researchers Should Care About Biracial, Multiracial, and Multiethnic Youth

Nishina

Witkow

2019

Child Dev Perspectives

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The population of multiracial youth in the United States is expected to grow in the coming decades (exceeding 11% by 2060). In this article, we aim to convince child development researchers who do not usually examine race and ethnicity in their work to consider multiracial youth. We describe ways in which youth from more than one racial background might have common developmental experiences. First, we present a rationale for considering multiracial youth as their own numerical minority group. Then, we provide several illustrative examples demonstrating how studying multiracial youth might provide added insight about three interrelated areas: ethnic/racial identity development, social‐cognitive development, and interactions with peers. We also offer guidance on collecting information about children’s and adolescents’ multiracial status. We conclude by offering suggestions for researchers who seek to include multiracial youth in their work.

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Section: Next Steps: Including Multiracial Youth In Developmental Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Developmental Researchers Should Care About Biracial, Multiracial, and Multiethnic Youth

Nishina

Witkow

2019

Child Dev Perspectives

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“…The modal response for all three groups was "Latino" in combination with "white," "black," or "Asian." As reported in research on multiracial Americans (Johnson et al 1997), some respondents liked the combined format, finding that they can check all aspects of their mixed heritage identity. Others, however, had reservations with the design because they do not view Latinos as a "race."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In terms of racial reporting experiences among multiracial Americans, studies show that many experience confusion when answering official forms, including the dilemma of when only one race can be specified (Johnson et al 1997; Kellogg and Liddell 2012). In fact, the inability to previously mark more than one race in the census and the desire of the multiracial community to express a multiracial identity on such official forms became the basis for the 1990s multiracial movement and the push for a “multiracial” category in the 2000 census (Williams 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part-Latinos and Racial Reporting in the Census

Miyawaki

2015

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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In this study, the author examines the racial reporting decisions of the offspring of Latino/non-Latino white, black, and Asian intermarriages, focusing on the meanings associated with their racial responses in the 2010 census and their thoughts on the separate race and Hispanic origin question format. through interviews with 50 part-Latinos from new York, the findings demonstrated that their racial responses were shaped largely by question design, often due to the lack of Hispanic origins in the race question. Many added that their responses did not reflect their racial identity as "mixed" or as "both" Latino and white, black, or Asian. Most preferred "Latino" racial categories, and when given the option in a combined race and Hispanic origin question format, they overwhelmingly marked Latino in combination with white, black, or Asian. Part-Latinos' preference for "Latino" racial options may stem from the racialization of Latinos as nonwhite and their desire to express all aspects of their mixed heritage identity. Moreover, the contrast in racial reporting in the 2010 census and the census Bureau's recently proposed "race or origin" question for the 2020 census could result in different population counts and interpretations of racial statistics.

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“…Evidence suggests that individuals of mixed racial heritage inconsistently report their racial identification across different social contexts. 5 Factors such as the individual's surrounding social network (if an individual interacts in a racially homogenous rather than heterogeneous environment), parental influence, and survey question wording all influence an individual's willingness to self-identify as multiracial (Harris & Sims, 2002;Johnson et al, 1997;Rockquemore & Brunsma, 2002). If multiracial identification is, in fact, an instable form of identity, then are those who consistently report to be multiracial different or hold different attitudes than those who only identify as multiracial in a specific context?…”

Section: Multiracial Identity and Racial Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Multiracial” Option: Social Group Identity and Changing Patterns of Racial Categorization

Masuoka

2010

American Politics Research

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This article focuses on a new and growing trend in the United States: multiracial (or mixed race) identification. Multiracial self-identification forces us to consider that the norms of racial identification are shifting in which Americans perceive greater individual agency in how they choose to racially identify compared to the choices offered in the past. Given this, is the willingness to identify as multiracial a proxy for changing political attitudes about American race relations? Using a unique data set that includes multiple measures of racial identification, this article examines the individuallevel determinants that predict who is willing to self-identify as multiracial and the political consequences of this identity. This research demonstrates the complexity of racial identification today as well as the need to reconsider how race is measured in public opinion surveys. Most importantly, the data demonstrate that those who self-identify as multiracial hold different racial attitudes than those who do not.

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Dimensions of Self-Identification Among Multiracial and Multiethnic Respondents in Survey Interviews

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Why Developmental Researchers Should Care About Biracial, Multiracial, and Multiethnic Youth

Why Developmental Researchers Should Care About Biracial, Multiracial, and Multiethnic Youth

Part-Latinos and Racial Reporting in the Census

The “Multiracial” Option: Social Group Identity and Changing Patterns of Racial Categorization

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