Dimensions of postpartum psychiatric distress: Preliminary evidence for broadening clinical scope

Anxiety measures validated in perinatal populations: A systematic review

“…Secondly, an unnamed measure was constructed through an internet survey of 142 questions derived from case descriptions of postnatal psychiatric disturbance and DSM-IV-R, with participants asked to retrospectively rate the frequency with which they experienced symptoms in the first 30 days after birth (Marrs et al, 2009). This measure was not intended for screening purposes but provides evidence from factor analysis for broadening the conceptualisation of postnatal distress.…”

“…This measure was not intended for screening purposes but provides evidence from factor analysis for broadening the conceptualisation of postnatal distress. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 10 factors accounting for 58% of the variance: a general mental status factor (28% of the variance), psychoticism / morbid thoughts (6%), generalized anxiety (6%), panic (3%), guilt/self-criticism (3%), compulsive behaviour (3%), hyper-vigilance (2%), contentment (2%), negative body image (2%) and manic behaviour (2%) (Marrs et al, 2009). Depressive symptoms did not load clearly onto one factor and were not the most commonly endorsed items.…”

Postpartum psychosis

“…Postpartum psikoz DSM (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)-5'de ''Kısa Psikoz Bozukluğu'' tanısı kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Her ne kadar psikotik tanı spekturumunda değerlendirilse de, çalışmalar lohusalık psikozunun duygu durum bozklukları ile yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir (1)(2). Postpartum psikozda psikotik belirtilerin başlangıcı genellikle doğumdan sonraki ilk 3 hafta içinde olur.…”

Predicting adolescent postpartum caregiving from trajectories of depression and anxiety prior to childbirth: a 5-year prospective study

“…Specifying the timing and developmental patterns of these symptoms is important given that prenatal anxiety often predicts postpartum depression (Matthey et al, 2003), and that depression and anxiety assessed in pregnancy are more closely related to deficits in the quality of mother-infant interaction than are symptoms assessed in the postpartum period (Flykt, Kanninen, Sinkkonen, & Punamaki, 2010; Parfitt, Pike, & Ayers, 2013; Pearson, Cooper, Penton-Voak, Lightman, & Evans, 2010; Pearson et al, 2012). Although prenatal mood symptoms often reflect specific concerns related to the transition to motherhood (Marrs et al, 2009) and thus there may be little continuity from the pre-pregnancy state, these findings raise the intriguing possibility that the origins of maternal impairment could be detected earlier in development. However, prospective studies of maternal postpartum function that begin prior to pregnancy are lacking.…”

“…Maternal anxiety frequently co-occurs with depression (Coelho, Murray, Royal-Lawson, & Cooper, 2011; Marrs, Durette, Ferraro, & Cross, 2009; Reck et al, 2008) and may be more prevalent than depression across the peripartum period (Matthey, Barnett, Howie, & Kavanagh, 2003). As with depression, observational studies have demonstrated adverse effects of anxiety on maternal behaviors during interactions with the infant, including insensitive or intrusive behaviors and confusing, non-contingent forms of communication (Beebe et al, 2011; Feldman et al, 2009; Nicol-Harper, Harvey, & Stein, 2007; Warren et al, 2003).…”