Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study

Hammer, Mitchell R.; Gudykunst, William B.; Wiseman, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/0147-1767(78)90036-6

Cited by 327 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The literature in this field has therefore focussed on the concept of culture shock (Ward, Bochner, & Furnham, 2001), as well as on the identification of variables that affect it, including social support (Adelman, 1988) and personality factors (e.g., Ward & Kennedy, 1992). The "cultural learning" framework assumes that intercultural challenges are caused by an individual's inadequate skills for dealing with unfamiliar social demands, and sees adaptation as a process of gradually learning to function in a different culture (Bennett, 1993;Bochner, 1986;Gardner, 1952;Hammer, Gudykunst, & Wiseman, 1978). This learning is affected by internal and external factors including, among others, culture-specific knowledge about the new environment (Ward & Searle, 1991), language skills (Furnham, 1993) length and type of residence abroad (Ward, Okura, Kennedy, & Kojima, 1998) and social networks and friendships (Bochner, McLeod, & Lin, 1977).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural adaptation in different facets of life and the impact of language: a case study of personal adjustment patterns during study abroad

Beaven

Spencer‐Oatey

2016

Language and Intercultural Communication

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This case study paper focuses on the processes of adaptation that an Erasmus student, Angela, experienced during her study abroad period. It is a longitudinal study that explores how she coped over time with the various adaptation demands that she faced in the different aspects of her life: social-personal aspects (friends and social life, daily life, language for socialisation) and academic aspects (courses, administrative issues, language for academic purposes). The data gathered involved pre-departure and post return interviews, weekly "diary-tables" and monthly interviews while abroad. The findings show that Angela's adaptive journey followed noticeably different trends in the personal and academic domains of her life, demonstrating clearly how adaptation can evolve at different speeds in these different domains, and can result in ups and down throughout the sojourn. Even an aspect such as language was perceived differently in the two overarching domains. Further research, involving a much larger group of respondents, is needed in order to identify whether there are more generalised patterns within these various domains, or whether the patterns are always subject to significant individual and contextual variation. Moreover, further qualitative research is needed in order to understand the reasons that lie behind the ups and downs within each of the domains, and the extent to which they seem to be idiosyncratic or predictable.Il presente articolo riporta un caso di studio e si concentra sui processi di adattamento di una studentessa Erasmus, Angela, durante il suo periodo di studio all'estero. Si tratta di uno studio longitudinale che esplora le esigenze di adattamento avute da Angela in base a diversi aspetti della sua vita: gli aspetti socio-personali (gli amici e la vita sociale, la vita quotidiana, il linguaggio della socializzazione) e gli aspetti accademici (i corsi, le questioni amministrative e quelle legate alla lingua per scopi accademici). I dati sono stati raccolti attraverso interviste condotte prima della partenza e dopo il ritorno, una serie di "tabelle-diario" settimanali e alcune interviste mensili realizzate durante il soggiorno. I risultati mostrano che l'adattamento di Angela segue andamenti diversi nell'ambito personali e in quello accademico. Questo mostra chiaramente come l'adattamento può evolversi a velocità differenti in questi diversi ambiti, e può risultare in "alti e bassi" durante l'intero soggiorno. Anche un aspetto come la lingua è stato percepito in modo differente a seconda che l'ambito fosse personale o accademico. Sarebbero necessarie ulteriori ricerche che coinvolgessero un gruppo molto più ampio di partecipanti; ciò consentirebbe di verificare se ci sono andamenti più generalizzati all'interno di questi vari domini, o se gli andamento sono comunque sempre soggetti a significative variazioni individuali e contestuali. Inoltre, un'ulteriore ricerca * Corresponding author. Email: ana.beaven@unibo.it qualitativa sarebbe necessaria al fine di comprendere le ragioni che...

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural adaptation in different facets of life and the impact of language: a case study of personal adjustment patterns during study abroad

Beaven

Spencer‐Oatey

2016

Language and Intercultural Communication

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“…For example, Brislin (1981) has identified three factors of adjustment, including: (1) having successful relationships with people from other cultures; (2) feeling that interactions are warm, cordial, respectful, and cooperative; and (3) accomplishing tasks in an effective and efficient manner. Hammer, Gudykunst, and Wiseman (1978) focused on these factors, and also included the ability to manage psychological stress effectively. Black and Stephens (1989) identified general adjustment involving daily activities, interaction adjustment involving interpersonal relations, and work adjustment related to work and tasks.…”

Section: Understanding Intercultural Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners: the Intercultural Adjustment Potential Scale (ICAPS)

Matsumoto¹,

LeRoux²,

Ratzlaff³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

133

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We describe the creation and development of a measure that predicts intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners and immigrants to the US, which we call the ICAPS. We report eight studies that provide evidence for its internal, temporal, and parallel forms reliability; for its predictive ability with not only subjective indices of adjustment, but also with psychometrically standardized measures, peer ratings, and expert ratings; for its convergent validity with a similar measure; for its construct validity with various personality scales; for its incremental validity; and for its external validity in predicting changes as a result of intercultural training, and in identifying experts who work in the intercultural field. We discuss the implications of the availability of this measure to the field for training, research, and education. r

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“…Since the field of intercultural communication emerged in the 1950s with the first studies of Edward T. Hall (1959), researches on expatriates have become a prominent area for scholars examining different aspects of international mobility (Hammer, Gudykunst and Wiseman, 1979;Tung, 1981;Tung, 1993 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Intercultural Communication in Expats’ Social Media Groups

2016

Emirates Research Publishing May 24-25, 2016 Paris (France)

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Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: An exploratory study

Cited by 327 publications

References 10 publications

Cultural adaptation in different facets of life and the impact of language: a case study of personal adjustment patterns during study abroad

Cultural adaptation in different facets of life and the impact of language: a case study of personal adjustment patterns during study abroad

Development and validation of a measure of intercultural adjustment potential in Japanese sojourners: the Intercultural Adjustment Potential Scale (ICAPS)

Exploring Intercultural Communication in Expats’ Social Media Groups

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