Dimensions of innovative climate in Chinese R&amp;D units

Fischer, William A.; Farr, C

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00539.x

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also the narrow molecular weight distributions indicate the presence of very uniform catalytically active sites. As we have reported previously (29), we observe characteristic patterns of the polyme~nrateRimefundionsatdifferentreactiontemperatures.~thetemperahre range of 0-60% the catalyst activation is completed within few seconds after contacting zirconocene with MAO. So we conclude that the formation of the catalytically active sites, e.g;, alkylation and formation of cationic sites, outlined in scheme [l], is a very rapid process, even at 0%.…”

Section: The C P P C I P a O Model Systemsupporting

confidence: 80%

Donor‐ and acceptor‐modified metallocene‐based homogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts

Fischer

Jüngling

Mülhaupt

1993

Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The polymerization kinetics of propene polymerization using metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) homogeneous catalysts have been investigated to explore the role of donor/acceptor interactions and to enhance the catalyst productivities. In the case of the non‐stereospecific Cp2ZrCl2/MAO model system it has been demonstrated that, in addition to the well known irreversible deactivation, reversible deactivations, which are second order relative to the zirconium active site concentration, account for the decay of the polymerization rate. While MAO injection during polymerization enhances the polymerization rate, zirconocene addition deactivates the catalyst which can be reactivated by injecting additional MAO. A sequence of dynamic equilibria involving the formation of active cationic metallocene intermediates as well as inactive zirconocene species, e.g., zirconocene dimers, is proposed. Lewis base and Lewis acid additives have been added as probes to examine the role of such equilibria in the case of metallocene‐based catalyst systems such as MAO‐activated Cp2ZrCl2, racemic ethylenebisindenyl zirconium dichloride (EBIZrCl2), and racemic ethylenebis (4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium dichloride (EBTHIZrCl2). While the conventional donors such as 2,6‐ditert.butyl‐4‐methylphenol (BHT) and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) reduce catalyst productivities, even at very low donor/Al molar ratios, increasing propene concentration and addition of trimethylboroxine (TMB) substantially enhance catalyst productivities and affect molecular weights of the polypropylene produced with metallocene/MAO catalysts.

show abstract

Section: The C P P C I P a O Model Systemsupporting

confidence: 80%

Donor‐ and acceptor‐modified metallocene‐based homogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts

Fischer

Jüngling

Mülhaupt

1993

Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Within the broad field of R&D management in China, we have identified the following areas under scholarly investigation. At the beginning of China's economic opening, some scholars focused on the structure of national Science and Technology (S&T) systems and state owned industrial R&D (see e.g., Fischer, 1983;Fischer and Farr, 1985;Jin and Porter, 1988). Although these findings revealed significant obstacles existing in the country's innovation system, the potential that China will experience rapid advancement is considered to be high, given the confluence of the worldwide information revolution, the opening of new markets, and China's readiness for economic expansion (Jin and Porter, 1988).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations and barriers of foreign R&D activities in China

Gassmann¹,

Han²

2004

R & D Management

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The continued growth of the Chinese economy accompanied with the expansion of international investment in China has led to an increase in foreign research and development (R&D) activities in the country. Aside from the rising importance of R&D internationalization, research on foreign R&D in China has been neglected in the past due to its emerging status. In this article we examine drivers and barriers for conducting R&D in China. The focus of our research is on transnational companies typically characterized by decentralized R&D activities. Our research is mainly based on qualitative interviews with senior R&D managers. The success of foreign R&D activities in China strongly depends on the realistic estimation of its advantages and the proper identification and handling of barriers.

show abstract

“…There was also survey evidence of a feeling of 'defeatism' regarding innovation amongst Chinese general managers in the early 1980s, as well as the perception that R&D was not amongst the dynamic and rapidly changing parts of an industrial enterprise (the latter was less true for industries that were characterized by considerable change) (Fischer and Farr, 1985).…”

Section: Twenty Years Ago: What Were the Big Questions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese R&D: naissance, renaissance, or mirage?

Fischer

Zedtwitz

2004

R & D Management

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

China's re‐emergence has been treated mostly from economic and political standpoints. This article integrates these perspectives with a review of China's modern history of research and development (R&D). It starts with a brief retrospective of China's efforts in science and technology before the reforms of 1978. It then discusses China's principle R&D issues in the early 1980s and the most significant results of 20 years of rapid industrialization. Based on this historic review and a wide literature analysis, some observations are made about China's R&D capabilities in the first years of the new millennium as well as what challenges may still lie ahead for China before becoming a leading source of scientific and technological innovation.

show abstract

Dimensions of innovative climate in Chinese R&D units

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Donor‐ and acceptor‐modified metallocene‐based homogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts

Donor‐ and acceptor‐modified metallocene‐based homogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts

Motivations and barriers of foreign R&D activities in China

Chinese R&D: naissance, renaissance, or mirage?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About