Dimensional variation in production of high-aspect-ratio micro-pillars array by micro powder injection molding

Replication and characterization of 316L stainless steel micro-mixer by micro powder injection molding

“…Due to the effect of smaller powder size, the temperature profile of debinding and sintering in PIM are controlled strictly to avoid the occurrence of warpage, bubble and contamination. The surface roughness, shrinkage, microstructure, micro-mechanical and micro-tribologoical properties of microcomponents were characterized by various methods [10][11][12][13]. These results, in turn, can optimize the processing parameters of PIM.…”

Micro metal injection molding (MicroMIM)

“…A detailed analysis of the influence of the injection 13.3 Tooth brackets made of Ni-free steel alloy (courtesy of Bernhard Fö rster GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany). molding parameters on the precision of the molded parts is given, for example, in (Billiet, 1985;Zauner et al, 2004;Greene and Heaney, 2007;Li et al, 2007;Beck et al, 2008;. Depending on the powder particle sizes and filling rates, the reproducibility of component dimensions is ±0.3 to ±0.5% for metals, ±0.5% for alloyed powders, and ±0.2 to ±0.5% for ceramics.…”

A review of micro-powder injection moulding as a microfabrication technique

“…Within the process chain of μPIM, the three main processes of injection moulding, debinding and sintering take place in a high pressure and/or high temperature environment. Therefore, significant variation in some key parameters, such as volume and warpage, are expected [24].…”

“…With regards to part volume, dimensions typically decrease by about 2% after moulding, but some reported research indicated the possibility of post-moulding dimensional decrease by approximately 6% [24]. Another 15% decrease in dimensions might result after sintering.…”

“…It should also be noted that dimensional variability is affected by processing parameters such as holding pressure in the injection moulding step or heating rate in the sintering step [24] (more details about the effect of process parameters are presented in the relevant sections about moulding, debinding and sintering). It has been shown for μIM of polymers that process parameters affect not only the filling quality of the parts but also the variability in the filling quality [56].…”