Dimensional and metric structures in multidimensional stimuli

Wiener-Ehrlich, Willa Kay

doi:10.3758/bf03199737

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Some authors have argued for an area/shape configuration where both dimensions interact (Krantz & Tversky, 1975;Wender, 1971). However, although this particular interaction was shown later to be an artifact of the physical stimuli design (Schonemann, 1977), others have reported an interaction effect in the height-width coordinate system (Wiener-Ehrlich, 1978). Still other studies have shown no interaction in this height-width configuration (Borg & Leutner, 1983).…”

Section: D(ac) + D(cb) = D(ab) (5)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Psychologically, the orientation problem asks which stimulus attributes are used by the subjects to produce a response, while the metric problem asks how the projections of the stimuli onto the coordinate axis are combined to produce an overall response. design configuration for rectangles: (I) H/W, direct height and width (Borge & Leutner, 1983;Dunn, 1983;Schonemann, Dorcey, & Kienapple, 1985;Schonemann & Lazarte, 1987); (2) A/S, area (height x width) and shape (height/width) (Wender, 1971); and (3) "orthogonal" configurations on log height versus log width and log area versus log shape (Krantz & Tversky, 1975;Wiener-Ehrlich, 1978).…”

Section: D(ac) + D(cb) = D(ab) (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saliency metric for subadditive dissimilarity judgments of rectangles

Lazarte

Schönemann

1991

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: D(ac) + D(cb) = D(ab) (5)mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: D(ac) + D(cb) = D(ab) (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliency metric for subadditive dissimilarity judgments of rectangles

Lazarte

Schönemann

1991

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…A number of assumptions about psychological space must be met before an analysis of the geometry or metric of that psychological space is appropriate. One of the most basic assumptions, that of interdimensional additivity, has been shown in a number of studies to be violated when the dimensions composing objects are integral as defined by other types of tasks (Bums, 1976;Bums et al, 1978;Krantz & Tversky, 1975;Wender, 1971;Wiener-Ehrlich, 1978). If the interdimensional additivity assumption is violated and two dimensions interact in judgments of similarity, the application of combination rules or metrics for two independent dimensions is not meaningful.…”

Section: The Representanon Of Color 505mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators (Bums, 1976;Burns, Shepp, McDonough, & Wiener-Ehrlich, 1978;Wiener-Ehrlich, 1978) have argued that the perceptual independence of the ADMM should agree with the converging operations provided by Gamer (1974) to distinguish integral and separable stimuli. Integral stimuli are perceived holistically; stimuli that are integral by Gamer's converging tasks should violate additive difference metrics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dimensional interactions and the structure of psychological space: The representation of hue, saturation, and brightness

Burns

Shepp

1988

Perception & Psychophysics

134

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The perception of color has traditionally been characterized by the subjective dimensions of hue, brightness, and saturation. In the present study we reexamined this view by investigating whether the dimensions of color stimuli are psychologically independent in dissimilarity judgment, spontaneous classification, and instructed classification tasks. Dissimilarity judgments analyzed within the framework of the additive difference measurement model (Beals, Krantz, & Tversky, 1968;Krantz & Tversky, 1975;Tversky & Krantz, 1969 reflected violations of psychological independence for hue-chroma, hue-value, and value-chroma stimulus sets. Spontaneous classifications of each color set revealed that subjects were not sensitive to shared dimensional relations of color stimuli, but rather responded to the holistic, overall similarity relations of the stimuli. In the instructed classification task, both untutored undergraduates and "color experts" (artists specially tutored in the Munsell color system), instructed to classify according to shared dimensional relations, could extract dimensional information about either value or chroma when each was varied with hue, but could not extract dimensional information about hue. Color experts were superior to nonexperts in the extraction of dimensional information about chroma only with moderately or highly saturated stimuli. The implications of these results are considered in relation to current thinking about the perceptual organization of color and current thinking about the identification of appropriate diagnostics for independent psychological dimensions.The precise notion of a psychological dimension continues to elude psychologists interested in the perception and organization of multidimensional stimuli. Defining a psychological dimension has been particularly problematic for investigators interested in color. A common assumption has been that the perception of color is organized in terms of the dimensions hue, brightness, and saturation.1 "There is no doubt, in the case of color differences, as to the number of independent perceptual attributes .... The number is three" (Krantz, 1972, p. 683). This assumption is based on scaling procedures (i.e., confusability scaling, direct estimation, multidimensional scaling, etc.) that have supported the idea that hue, brightness, and saturation are the dimensions of color space (Helm, 1964; Indow & Kanazawa, 1960; Indow & Uchizono, 1960;Newhall, 1939;Newhall, Nickerson, & Judd, 1943;Wright, 1965). One difficulty with this assumption that hue, brightness, and saturationare the three dimensionsorganizing the perception of color is related to the multiple uses of the term dimension. As Tversky and Krantz (1970) and Gati and Tversky (1982) indicated, the term has been given several meanings in the literature. Psychologists have used the term dimension simply to refer to a variable that can be physically manipulated. The term has also been used to mean an organizing principle that structures and orders perception in a consistent way. A t...

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“…Comparing these two techniques for investigating dimensional interaction, Wiener-Ehrlich (1978) concluded that the choice depends on the aim of the analysis. Dimensional analysis was considered to provide a more apt means of modeling human perception, whereas INDSCAL will reveal the structure of complex data.…”

Section: Note-stimuli Are Numbered As Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of two-component electrocutaneous stimuli

MacFie

Thomson

1981

Perception & Psychophysics

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Electrocutaneous stimuli varying in strength (6,8, 10 V) and frequency (9,27,81 HZ) were presented in pairs. Subjects were asked to give a numerical score to represent their perception of overall difference in a pair. To assess their ability to use numbers and their performance on unfamiliar stimuli, no guidance on the nature of the stimuli or the range or scale of the scores was given. Dimensional analysis indicated that perception of differences in one component was influenced by the absolute level of the other component, if this was constant in the pair, or by the difference. Considerable variation among subjects in the nature and extent of this interference effect was observed. Individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) enabled a satisfactory consensus model to be obtained. An empirical relationship expressing the observed twocomponent difference scores in terms of one-component scores was derived. Increasing voltage level diminished perception of frequency difference. Higher frequency levels augmented perception of voltage difference. This relationship is a modification of the combinatorial model proposed by Krantz and Tversky (1975). Individual differences in the combinatorial process are allowed for by application of the subject weightings from the INDSCAL solution.A working mathematical model of the process by which humans combine a number of simultaneously perceived difference components between two stimuli is a necessary precursor to the routine use of sensory panels to evaluate possibly unfamiliar or nonverbalized stimuli. In this paper, we report the use of electrocutaneous stimuli that vary in both pulsed repetition frequency and voltage to provide a data base for the investigation and model building of the process by which subjects organize and compare multidimensional stimuli.Recent studies suggest that the perception of such stimuli may be characterized as one of three behavior modes. If the components of a stimulus are completely analyzable (discrete psychological dimensions), subjects are able to attend to each component separately. The perceived difference between any two stimuli will thus approximate the sum of the differences perceived along each dimension. At the opposite extreme, the stimulus components may be completely nonanalyzable (interactive) and differences between stimuli are perceived along a single complex dimension. The third behavioral mode is characterized by the perception of both discrete and interactive stimulus components.When comparing pairs of multicomponent stimuli from within a given stimulus set, all three behavioral

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Dimensional and metric structures in multidimensional stimuli

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Saliency metric for subadditive dissimilarity judgments of rectangles

Saliency metric for subadditive dissimilarity judgments of rectangles

Dimensional interactions and the structure of psychological space: The representation of hue, saturation, and brightness

Perception of two-component electrocutaneous stimuli

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