Dimensional and elemental characterization of suspended particulate matter in natural waters: quantitative aspects in the integrated ultrafiltration, splitt-flow thin cell and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry approach

Blo, G.; Contado, Catia; Grandi, Denis; Fagioli, Francesco; Dondi, Francesco

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00718-3

Cited by 21 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Some of particles smaller than d c may exit through the outlet b, contaminating the SF fraction collected from the outlet b (SF fraction-b). 30,43 This is because there is no incoming flow through the inlet b' to push the sample particles toward the upper wall of the channel to form a narrow sample layer. Still, the FFD mode provides an attractive alternative to the conventional mode as it does not cause dilution of the sample, which is particularly useful when the particle content in the sample is very low such as many environmental particles or when the SF fractions are to be subjected to other analysis such as ICP-OES or AAS, etc.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fly Ash by Field-Flow Fractionation Combined with SPLITT Fractionation and Compositional Analysis by ICP-OES

Kang¹,

Eum²,

Lee³

2014

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Accurate analysis of fly ash particles is not trivial because of complex nature in physical and chemical properties. SPLITT fractionation (SF) was employed to fractionate the fly ash particles into subpopulations in large quantities. Then the SF-fractions were analyzed by the steric mode of sedimentation field-flow fractionation (Sd/StFFF) for size analysis. The SF-fractions were also analyzed by ICP-OES. The results showed that the fly ash is mainly composed of Fe, Ca, Mg and Mn. No particular trends were observed between the particle size and the concentrations of Fe, Ca, Mg, while Mn, Cu and Zn were in higher concentrations in smaller particles. Sample preparation procedures were established, where the fly ash particles were sieved to remove large contaminants, and then washed with acetone to remove organics on the surface of particles. The sample preparation and analysis methods developed in this study could be applied to other environmental particles.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fly Ash by Field-Flow Fractionation Combined with SPLITT Fractionation and Compositional Analysis by ICP-OES

Kang¹,

Eum²,

Lee³

2014

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…In the FFD mode of GSF (FFD-GSF), the expression for d c is slightly different from that of the conventional mode, and is given by 3,18,22 ( )…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the FFD mode of GSF suffers from a lack of resolution, as compared to the conventional mode (Figure 1), it allows an increase in the sample throughput (TP) and prevents the sample dilution. 3,18,22 SF provides separation of sample into two fractions. In this study, two FFD-GSF channels were connected on-line, so that the sample can be separated into three fractions instead of two.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-sorting of Micron-sized Particles using Two Gravitational SPLITT Fractionation (GSF) Connected in a Series (Tandem GSF)

Kwon¹,

Moon²,

Jung³

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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SPLITT Fractionation (SF) provides separation of sample into two subpopulations. Separation into more than two subpopulations requires repeated SF operations. In this study, two Gravitation SF (GSF) channels were connected in a series (Tandem GSF) to obtain a separation into three subpopulations and to improve the fractionation efficiency (FE) of the fraction-b in the full-feed depletion (FFD) mode. In a single channel FFD-GSF operation, the fraction-a contained mostly the beads smaller than the cutoff diameter (dc), while the fraction-b contained beads smaller than dc as well as those larger than dc, as expected. The measured FE's of the fraction-b are much lower than those of the fraction-a in all cases. The FE's of the fraction-a are higher than 84% with the average of about 91%, while those of the fraction-b are lower than 60% with the average of about 43%. No particular trends were found between FE and dc, indicating the performance of FFD-GSF does not change with dc in the range where tested. Also no clear trends were observed between the FE and the sample-feeding flow rate, indicating higher sample-feeding rate can be used to increase the sample throughput without losing resolution. When two GSF channels were connected so that the flow stream emerging from the outlet-b of the channel-1 is fed directly into the channel-2, all three FE's measured for the fraction-1a were high with the average value of 99%, indicating it contains almost purely the beads smaller than dc. The FE's measured for the fraction-2a are still good with the average value of 92%. The FE's measured for the fraction-2b are 64% in average, which is about 20% improvement from those obtained in a single channel FFD-GSF at the same conditions.

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“…Detailed description of this unit can be found in previous papers 9,11,19,22,23 . One Minipuls3 peristaltic pump (Gilson, Middleton, WI, USA) was employed to provide flow streams for sample A'.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…little mechanical stress and tuneable separation, but without large sample dilution 9 . This method cannot provide a sharp sample size cut-off in a single step, especially for the fractions containing the larger particles, but the purity of this fraction can be improved by reprocessing it few times 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Splitt Fractionation of Lagoon Sediments

et al. 2004

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In this work, SPLITT Fractionation (split flow thin cell) is used to sort hydrodynamically sedimented particles coming from the Sacca di Goro, a lagoon-like system close to the Po River delta (Italy). First the possibility of performing quantitative mass separations with a SPLITT cell apparatus was checked on a standard silica sample of known particle size distribution (PSD). Environmental sediment samples and relative SPLITT sub-fractions were subject to Inductive Coupled Plasma--Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) characterization for the following elements: Al, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn. The distribution of these metals by particle size fractions has been investigated. The accuracy of the entire separation procedure has been also evaluated.

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Dimensional and elemental characterization of suspended particulate matter in natural waters: quantitative aspects in the integrated ultrafiltration, splitt-flow thin cell and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry approach

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Characterization of Fly Ash by Field-Flow Fractionation Combined with SPLITT Fractionation and Compositional Analysis by ICP-OES

Characterization of Fly Ash by Field-Flow Fractionation Combined with SPLITT Fractionation and Compositional Analysis by ICP-OES

Size-sorting of Micron-sized Particles using Two Gravitational SPLITT Fractionation (GSF) Connected in a Series (Tandem GSF)

Quantitative Splitt Fractionation of Lagoon Sediments

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