Dilution of precision for time difference of arrival with station deployment

Abstract

A study is conducted with the aim to reveal the relationship between the performance of moving object tracking algorithms and tracking anchor (station) deployment. The dilution of precision (DoP) for the time difference of arrival (TDoA) technique with respect to anchor deployment is studied. Linear and non-linear estimators are used for TDoA algorithms. The research findings for the linear estimator indicate that the DoP attains a lower value when other anchors are scattered around a central anchor; for the non-linear estimator, the DoP is optimal when the anchors are scattered around the target tag. Experiments on both algorithms are conducted that target location precision related to anchor deployment in practical situations for tracking moving objects integrated with a Kalman filter in an ultra-wideband (UWB)-based real-time localization system. The work provides a guideline for deploying anchors in UWB-based tracking systems.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Optimal Positioning Scheme of Multiple UAVs through DOP Minimization for Location Identification of Unknown Radar

“…The TDOA does not measure the absolute time, but calculates the time difference of the signals received by each synchronized receiver, thus allowing location estimation without time synchronization between the signal source and receiver [5]. In a 3D environment, the distance d i between the signal source P s = [x s , y s , z s ] and receiver P i = [x i , y i , z i ] is expressed as…”

Design and Implementation of Real-Time Localization System (RTLS) Based on UWB and TDoA Algorithm

“…The DoP model could be adapted to measure various positioning systems' performance and is independent of communication technologies and modes. We have studied the DoP for the TDoA technique with respect to anchor deployment in [39].…”

Design and Implementation of Real-Time Localization System (RTLS) based on UWB and TDoA Algorithm

“…The DoP model could be adapted to measure various positioning systems' performance and is independent of communication technologies and modes. We have studied the DoP for the TDoA technique with respect to anchor deployment in (Zhang, Li, Ding, Yang and Yang, 2021). The DoP provides a gain factor that is numerically dimensionless and represents the relationship between the measurement error at a given position and the geometry of the anchors.…”