Dilemmas in the pathway of the DSM-IV..

Carson, Robert C.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.302

Cited by 78 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several authors have highlighted the need for a theory-based approach to the classification of personality disorders (e.g., Carson, 1991;Morey, 1991) and the WISP1 is an example of such an instrument. The WISPI yields 11 personality scale scores that correspond to the DSM-III-R personality disorders.…”

Section: Wisconsin Personality Inventory (Wispi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year outcome from eating disorders: Relevance of personality disorders

Wonderlich

Fullerton

Swift

et al. 1994

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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In order to assess the relationship of personality disorder and eating disorder outcome 30 eating disordered patients were followed up 4–5 years after taking part in a study examining the prevalence of personality disorders in eating disordered individuals. Subjects with personality disorders did not differ from those without personality disorders in the amount of symptomatic change over time, although their psychopathology generally remained more severe. The relationship of personality disorder and clinical outcome ratings varied depending on the personality measure. SCID‐II personality disorder diagnoses were not significantly associated with outcome ratings, but were related to a greater likelihood to be hospitalized and treated with psychotropic medications. Results with a new personality measure, the Wisconsin Personality Inventory, did display an association between personality disturbance and eating disorder outcome ratings and also suggested that borderline personality was a significant predictor of outcome. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Section: Wisconsin Personality Inventory (Wispi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year outcome from eating disorders: Relevance of personality disorders

Wonderlich

Fullerton

Swift

et al. 1994

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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“…The controversy of whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be regarded as a category or as a dimension has been a key issue in the literature for over a decade (Carson, 1991;Clark et al 1995). A categorical view proposes that ADHD differs qualitatively from variation in the normal range, with the discontinuity in underlying risk processes around the diagnostic boundary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underpinning inattention and hyperactivity: neurocognitive support for ADHD dimensionality

et al. 2014

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Background. Taxometric and behavioral genetic studies suggest that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is best modeled as a dimension rather than a category. We extended these analyses by testing for the existence of putative ADHD-related deficits in basic information processing (BIP) and inhibitory-based executive function (IB-EF) in individuals in the subclinical and full clinical ranges. Consistent with the dimensional model, we predicted that ADHD-related deficits would be expressed across the full spectrum, with the degree of deficit linearly related to the severity of the clinical presentation.Method. A total of 1547 children (aged 6-12 years) participated in the study. The Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) was used to classify children into groups according to levels of inattention and hyperactivity independently: (1) asymptomatic, (2) subthreshold minimal, (3) subthreshold moderate and (4) clinical ADHD. Neurocognitive performance was evaluated using a two-choice reaction time task (2C-RT) and a conflict control task (CCT). BIP and IB-EF measures were derived using a diffusion model (DM) for decomposition of reaction time (RT) and error data.Results. Deficient BIP was found in subjects with minimal, moderate and full ADHD defined in terms of inattention (in both tasks) and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions (in the 2C-RT). The size of the deficit increased in a linear manner across increasingly severe presentations of ADHD. IB-EF was unrelated to ADHD.Conclusions. Deficits in BIP operate at subclinical and clinical levels of ADHD. The linear nature of this relationship provides support for a dimensional model of ADHD in which diagnostic thresholds are defined in terms of clinical and societal burden rather than representing discrete pathophysiological states.

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“…Furthermore, interpersonalists (e.g. Carson, 1991Carson, , 1993 agree with Follette (1996) that research would be more successful if its focus were on behavioral problems. In addition, as discussed below, disorders such as depression seem to necessitate the inclusion of an affective model in addition to a solely behavioral one.…”

Section: Functionalism and Structuralismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Psychopathology

Acton

Zodda

2005

Theory & Psychology

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Abstract. Many have criticized the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders (DSM-IV), and few regard it as a vehicle of truth, yet its most serious limitation is that its frank operationism in defining manifest categories has distracted attention from theories about what is going on at the latent level. We sketch a Generalized Interpersonal Theory of Personality and Psychopathology and apply it to interpersonal aspects of depression to illustrate how structural individual differences combine with functional dynamic processes to cause interpersonal behavior and affect. Such a causal account relies on a realist ontology in which manifest diagnoses are only a means to learning about the latent distribution, whether categorical or dimensional. Comorbidity of DSM diagnoses suggests that dimensionality will be the rule, not the exception, with internalization and externalization describing common diagnoses.Key Words: Big Five, circumplex, complementarity, depression, Dimcat, expressed emotionThe fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) virtually holds a monopoly on the classification of psychopathology. Nearly every textbook on abnormal psychology uses DSM classifications so that, as a consequence, professors will choose the book as a way to prepare their students for successful careers in the helping professions; researchers who study psychopathology know that they probably will not receive grant funding unless they define their terms according to the DSM nomenclature. Because of the extraordinary prominence of the DSM in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and related professions, careful attention to the DSM's philosophical and methodological underpinnings seems warranted.The present article is divided into four parts. The first section provides a clear understanding of how the current DSM has evolved from its predecessors. The second section distinguishes functionalism from structuralism and applies this distinction to the DSM. The third section expands on an Theory & Psychology

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Dilemmas in the pathway of the DSM-IV..

Cited by 78 publications

References 19 publications

Five-year outcome from eating disorders: Relevance of personality disorders

Five-year outcome from eating disorders: Relevance of personality disorders

Mechanisms underpinning inattention and hyperactivity: neurocognitive support for ADHD dimensionality

Classification of Psychopathology

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