“…While considerable research documents the failure of school-level reform when national policy frameworks are not in place, national policy without effective strategies for implementation may be equally ineffective (Crouch, Healey, & DeStefano, 1997;Fullan, 2001). Yet, the loosely coupled nature of education systems in many developing countries often makes effective implementation problematic (Moore & Chapman, 2003;Nagel & Snyder, 1989). Consequently, the search for how central education ministries, with limited resources and limited contact with schools, can effectively introduce and promote policies intended to change school-level and classroom-level practice is of considerable interest to educational planners.…”