Diketopiperazines, promising anti-adhesion metabolites of Glycomyces sediminimaris against dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Oral biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans as a critical and the predominant causative agent of several dental and physiologic disorders needs to be tackled. Investigating anti-biofilm compounds from marine Actinobacteria as a source of natural product for blocking the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans was conducted. Anti-adhesion activity of Actinobacterial extracts was investigated through crystal violet assay. Herein, the extract of Glycomyces sediminimaris UTMC 2460 (DSM 103727) prevented the adhesion potency of S. mutans up to 95.1% at 100 𝜇g/mL. The Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) production and cell hydrophobicity index of the strain was restrained up to 66% and 30%, respectively. The extract showed metabolism suppression up to 20% in S. mutans even in the biofilm state at the effective biofilm inhibition concentration (100 𝜇g/mL). Metabolic profiling of Glycomyces sediminimaris revealed the presence of anti-biofilm diketopiperazines compounds as major components of the extract. The current finding postulate that the metabolic profile of marine Glycomyces sediminimaris includes biocompounds that can be evaluated in further studies as an anti-biofilm of S.mutans which has not been previously reported.