Dike intrusions during rifting episodes obey scaling relationships similar to earthquakes

Passarelli, Luigi; Rivalta, Eleonora; Shuler, A. E.

doi:10.1038/srep03886

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…1b). Full locking of the eastern HFF is consistent with analysis of the stress shadow casted by the 1975-1984 Krafla rifting episode, which involved a sequence of 19 dike intrusions that compressed the easternmost portion of the fault abating the seismic activity (Rögnvaldsson et al, 1998, Passarelli et al, 2014.…”

Section: Seismicity Along the Húsavík-flatey Fault And Eyjafjarðarállsupporting

confidence: 73%

Scaling and spatial complementarity of tectonic earthquake swarms

Passarelli

Rivalta

Jónsson

et al. 2018

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Tectonic earthquake swarms (TES) often coincide with aseismic slip and sometimes precede damaging earthquakes. In spite of recent progress in understanding the significance and properties of TES at plate boundaries, their mechanics and scaling are still largely uncertain. Here we evaluate several TES that occurred during the past 20 years on a transform plate boundary in North Iceland. We show that the swarms complement each other spatially with later swarms discouraged from fault segments activated by earlier swarms, which suggests efficient strain release and aseismic slip. The fault area illuminated by earthquakes during swarms may be more representative of the total moment release than the cumulative moment of the swarm earthquakes. We use these findings and other published results from a variety of tectonic settings to discuss general scaling properties for TES. The results indicate that the importance of TES in releasing tectonic strain at plate boundaries may have been underestimated.

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Section: Seismicity Along the Húsavík-flatey Fault And Eyjafjarðarállsupporting

confidence: 73%

Scaling and spatial complementarity of tectonic earthquake swarms

Passarelli

Rivalta

Jónsson

et al. 2018

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Lateral migration of magma before or during the eruptions is documented in a series of papers (Ishizuka et al, 2008;Grandin et al, 2011, González et al, 2013, Caudron et al, 2015, McGee et al, 2015. Most well-known examples of such migration are recorded for Iceland volcanoes (Einarsson and Brandsdottir, 1980;Sigmarsson et al, 2000;Sigmundsson et al, 2015), during volcanic unrest stage before submarine eruption near El Hierro island (Martí et al, 2013;González et al, 2013;García-Yeguas et al, 2014;Ibanez et al, 2012), during Manda-Hararo-Dabbahu rift activity in Ethiopia in 2005-2011 (Grandin et al, 2011;Passarelli et al, 2014) and in Lunayyir MVF in 2009 in Saudi Arabia (Pallister et al, 2010;Zobin et al, 2013;Koulakov et al, 2014Koulakov et al, , 2015. Another, fundamental, difference between MVF and polygenetic type of activity is the absence of the focused central feeding vent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magmatic plumbing systems of the monogenetic volcanic fields: A case study of Tolbachinsky Dol, Kamchatka

Kugaenko

Volynets

2019

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Clusters of small-volume volcanoes that individually may be defined as monogenetic, but have interlinked and interconnected plumbing systems, are used to be categorized as monogenetic volcanic fields (MVF). We argue that such volcanic clusters should be distinguished as separate type of volcanism, intermediate between monogenetic and polygenetic. The magma plumbing system structure of the MVF (its complexity and polymagmatic character) is the key argument for the potential separation of them in a classification. To avoid confusion caused by genetic meaning of the used words we suggest using a term "areal volcanism" or "areal volcanic fields" (AVF instead of MVF) as defining this special type of volcanic activity. Here we provide a review of the main characteristic features of one of the largest Holocene AVF, which is active nowthe Tolbachik field of cinder cones in the southern part of Klyuchevskaya volcano group (Kamchatka), known in the literature as Tolbachinsky Dol. This paper is focused on the research of magma plumbing system. We consider structural, morphological, geological, geochemical and petrological data on the erupted basalts and their genesis. Specially planned seismic experiments made in 2010-2015 (seismic tomography and microseismic sounding) allowed modeling of the principal elements of the magma plumbing system of Tolbachik AVF. Analysis of the investigations made in this area shows that Tolbachik AVF has a complex, dynamic, variable magmatic feeding system, which can be visualized as a superposition of subvertical and sublateral magma conduits. The contrast composition of the erupted rocks is caused by their different, although genetically connected, magma sources and mixing processes. One of the long-lived eruptive centers of Tolbachik AVF is Plosky Tolbachik stratovolcano, which lost its independent activity and was captured by Tolbachik AVF in Holocene. The AVF formed rejuvenated volcanism using the feeding system of the stratovolcano like an "old anthill". The magma plumbing system characteristics of Tolbachinsky Dol strongly support the idea of separation of AVF from monogenetic volcanism type in the classification.

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“…The occurrence of subvertical fossil high strain zones of exhumed upper mantle rocks [e.g., Boudier et al, 1988;Dijkstra et al, 2002;Newman et al, 1999;Michibayashi and Mainprice, 2004;Toy et al, 2010;Linckens et al, 2015] as well as seismic activity [e.g. Dziak et al, 1995;Passarelli et al, 2014] suggests localized deformation in the lithospheric mantle. Particularly, seismic activity in the vicinity of ridge axes points toward cycles of fast brittle and slow ductile deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical anisotropy control on strain localization in upper mantle shear zones

et al. 2016

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Mantle rocks at oceanic spreading centers reveal dramatic rheological changes from partially molten to solid-state ductile to brittle deformation with progressive cooling. Using the crustal-scale Wadi al Wasit mantle shear zone (SZ, Semail ophiolite, Oman), we monitor such changes based on quantitative field and microstructural investigations combined with petrological and geochemical analyses. The spatial distribution of magmatic dikes and high strain zones gives important information on the location of magmatic and tectonic activity. In the SZ, dikes derived from primitive melts (websterites) are distributed over the entire SZ but are more abundant in the center; dikes from more evolved, plagioclase saturated melts (gabbronorites) are restricted to the SZ center. Accordingly, harzburgite deformation fabrics show a transition from protomylonite (1100°C), mylonite (900-800°C) to ultramylonite (<700°C) and a serpentine foliation (<500°C) from the SZ rim to the center. The spatial correlation between solid-state deformation fabrics and magmatic features indicates progressive strain localization in the SZ on the cooling path. Three stages can be discriminated: (i) Cycles of melt injection (dunite channels and websterite dikes) and solid-state deformation (protomylonites-mylonites; 1100-900°C), (ii) dominant solid-state deformation in harzburgite mylonites (900-800°C) with some last melt injections (gabbronorites) and ultramylonites (<700°C), and (iii) infiltration of seawater inducing a serpentine foliation (<500°C) followed by cataclasis during obduction. The change of these processes in space and time indicates that early dike-related ridge-parallel deformation controls the onset of the entire strain localization history promoting nucleation sites for different strain weakening processes as a consequence of changing physicochemical conditions.

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Dike intrusions during rifting episodes obey scaling relationships similar to earthquakes

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Scaling and spatial complementarity of tectonic earthquake swarms

Scaling and spatial complementarity of tectonic earthquake swarms

Magmatic plumbing systems of the monogenetic volcanic fields: A case study of Tolbachinsky Dol, Kamchatka

Mechanical anisotropy control on strain localization in upper mantle shear zones

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