CME: Case reports February's CME consists of a series of case reports that have been received over the past 12 months. Many journals, local and international, feature case reports within their pages, and younger doctors in particular are encouraged to write up their more interesting cases in this format. According to Wikipedia, 'in medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of an individual patient'. Case reports are usually written to provide an unusual or novel occurrence of a set of signs and symptoms, or, as is the case in some of the reports published this month, unusual presentations of a particular disease entity. Case reports often contain some kind of literature review of other reported cases, even if only to say that the report is of a rare occurrence. Case reports are, by their very nature, anecdotal and are placed at the foot of the hierarchy of clinical evidence, together with case series. However, case reports are usually thought to have genuinely useful roles in medical research and in evidence-based medicine. However, one of the most useful roles of case reports is that of medical education, both formally, providing a structure for casebased learning (which we all did at medical school), and informally, for the general reader. In both cases, interesting and unusual presentations are helpful to day-today practice and will often trigger recognition of a diagnosis or pathology in a puzzling clinical case. All the case reports presented in this issue of CME are local, and selected for their particular usefulness to our younger and less experienced colleagues. Renal disease and haemodialysis in HIVpositive patients An article on morbidity and mortality of black HIV-positive patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving chronic haemodialysis in South Africa (SA) [1] and an accompanying editorial [2] reveal the extent