Digitizing Refugee Camps: Promotion of Mobile Communication for Charter Governance

Abstract

The question….is not whether billions of people will soon gather together in cities, but where and under what conditions. Under conditions of policy-as-usual, people will flock to slums that surround cities whose governments either do not want additional residents or are incapable of accommodating them. Many people will become second-class citizens in informal settlements that, by definition, offer none of the protections that formal rules can provide. Even for migrants who manage to gain access to formal systems of rules in the developing world, the protections and opportunities in the cities that will accept them will often be well below those offered by the rules in the cities where they would rather live (Fuller and Romer, 2012: p.3). Many refugees are no strangers as global citizens, highly-educated, entrepreneurial, and happen to be trapped in circumstances that waste their universal values and potential. This situation is not sustainable.