Digital Watermarking using Karhunen-Loeve transform

Stanescu, Daniela; Stratulat, Mircea; Ciubotaru, Bogdan; Chiciudean, D.; Cioarga, R.; Borca, D.

doi:10.1109/saci.2007.375507

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The methods presented in [10][11][12] perform robust watermarking using the coefficients computed from the KLT, while [13] hides authentication data in secret coefficients defined by a KLT. The KLT has also been used in [14,15] to fragile watermark web pages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha Channel Fragile Watermarking for Color Image Integrity Protection

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a fragile watermarking algorithm'm for the protection of the integrity of color images with alpha channel. The system is able to identify modified areas with very high probability, even with small color or transparency changes. The main characteristic of the algorithm is the embedding of the watermark by modifying the alpha channel, leaving the color channels untouched and introducing a very small error with respect to the host image. As a consequence, the resulting watermarked images have a very high peak signal-to-noise ratio. The security of the algorithm is based on a secret key defining the embedding space in which the watermark is inserted by means of the Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) and a genetic algorithm (GA). Its high sensitivity to modifications is shown, proving the security of the whole system.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha Channel Fragile Watermarking for Color Image Integrity Protection

et al. 2017

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“…The verification requires both the original image and the watermark. Stanescu et al (2007) propose a method for robust watermarking a color image by embedding a grayscale image. The blocks of the host image are linearly transformed with KLT; then the second, and possibly third band of each block are replaced by the block of the watermark that has a similar energy content (and has not yet been embedded), also rotating the second and third eigenvectors.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragile watermarking using Karhunen–Loève transform: the KLT-F approach

2014

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The paper presents a fragile watermarking technique that may be used to discover image manipulations at block level. The proposed algorithm, based on the Karhunen-Loève linear transform (KLT), modifies some of the KLT coefficients obtained from a secret base (defined by a secret key image) so that they contain a binary pseudo-random message. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to compensate for rounding errors introduced by inverse transforming in the integer pixel domain. An extensive experimentation has been performed to test the effectiveness of the method and to show the sensitivity of the algorithm to single pixel modifications (also as a function of the number of modified coefficients). A comparison with other fragile watermarking methods is reported. It should be noted that the proposed approach results in both a high PSNR (more than 53 dB on average) and a high subjective quality. The system may be tested online by submitting images to be watermarked and subsequently verifying the presence of modifications in a previously marked image.

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“…In [7] and [8] two applications using the KL transform are presented, with the purported goal of emphasizing the robustness of the steganographic image.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segment Compression Steganographic Algorithm

Stanescu

Bucur

Stratulat

2010

2010 International Joint Conference on Computational Cybernetics and Technical Informatics

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Steganography is a science that focuses on concealing messages using specialized techniques so that only the sender and receiver know of the message's existence and are able to decipher it. In this paper, we aim to present a new steganographic technique based on the Karhunen-Loève Transform we have entitled SCSA (Segment Compression Steganographic Algorithm). We start by detailing the innards of the algorithm, after which we discuss its strengths and weaknesses, taking into consideration some concrete examples. Finally, we try to point out some areas in which the algorithm might be suited for real-world applications.

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Digital Watermarking using Karhunen-Loeve transform

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Alpha Channel Fragile Watermarking for Color Image Integrity Protection

Alpha Channel Fragile Watermarking for Color Image Integrity Protection

Fragile watermarking using Karhunen–Loève transform: the KLT-F approach

Segment Compression Steganographic Algorithm

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