Digital tools for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT): A state of the art

Digital twin for ship life-cycle: A critical systematic review

“…The literature presents a few cases of DT reviews specific to the maritime industry, providing four studies as keynote examples (Taylor et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2021;Fonseca and Gaspar, 2021;Assani et al, 2022). Other investigations pertain to the offshore sector (Sivalingam et al, 2018;Ciuriuc et al, 2022) and are more oriented to the energy field. As this study is focused specifically on the ship sector, offshore-specific works do not fit this review.…”

Development of a Low-Cost Smart Sensor GNSS System for Real-Time Positioning and Orientation for Floating Offshore Wind Platform

“…However, this methodology is generally costly and redundant; offshore inspection requires support vessels, crew, and equipment at a substantial daily rate. In contrast, the monitoring techniques provide the necessary information and the required periodic measurements to assist the structural-health monitoring (SHM) system in the tasks of extracting the fault-sensitive features from the measured signals and using them to analyze the system’s condition [ 8 ].…”

Future predictions of wave and response of multiple floating bodies based on the Kalman filter algorithm

“…However, it is expected that the floating foundation will become more prevalent as the offshore wind cultivation is moving towards the deeper water (Sánchez, López-Gutiérrez, Negro, & Esteban, 2019;Wu, et al, 2019). While the offshore wind cultivation on the deeper water surely comes with many advantages, the utilization of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) expectedly has its own hindrances, with its main challenge comes from the perspective of economics (Tillenburg, 2021;Ciuriuc, Rapha, Guanche, & Domínguez-García, 2022). Accordingly, FOWT's installation cost is known to be significantly affected by its operation expenditures (OPEX), with its operation and maintenance (O&M) takes up to 25-30% of the total cost (Butterfield, Musial, Jonkman, & Sclavounos, 2005;Castellà, 2020).…”

“…DT was first introduced by Grieves in 2003 and its general aim is to monitor the real-time state of physical system with the help of data from sensors fed to the system's digital representation (Wang, et al, 2021). There have been several reports exploring the technical details entitled to DT technology application for offshore wind turbines (Ciuriuc, Rapha, Guanche, & Domínguez-García, 2022;Wang, et al, 2021). An integral part to build a robust digital twin is the algorithm used to process all retrieved data to perform necessary prediction of an unknown important parameter.…”