In a globalised knowledge economy, enabled by an increasingly pervasive digital, networked world, eLearning possibilities are being explored by educational institutions. Learning and teaching is now able to be designed to enable learning anywhere and at anytime. This opens up exciting possibilities as well as challenges. Consequently, this special issue aimed to provide evidence-based guidance through conceptual and research papers on eLearning and digital futures in the 21st century. Given that this Special Issue has been published in 2014, it will be interesting to revisit this as this century progresses to reflect on the key messages and the technologies referred to in the published journal articles which collectively constitute this Special Issue. To elaborate, if a similar approach was adopted in 1914, and that issue referred to technologies for teaching and learning in the 20th Century, few could have imagined the technological changes that subsequently occurred. Similarly, we can only speculate what technologies, teaching and learning might look like towards the end of this century. However, as changes occur, there will continue to be a need for those changes in policy and practice to be informed by research. This Special Issue aimed to provide a collection of journal articles which provide insights and guidance at this point in our journey throughout the 21st Century. Kathryn Moyle sets the context well in her article Democracy and Digital Citizenship: Examining Australian Policy Intersections and the Implications for School Leadership [1]. By examining key policy agendas in Australia, such as the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians [2], the Australian Curriculum [3], the Australian Professional Standards for Principals [4], and the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers [5], Moyle's analysis demonstrates that there is no ‗joining of the dots' needed to link and align the rhetoric of democratic values and the promotion of technologies for quality teaching or school improvement. Importantly, while there are expectations of school leaders to support teaching and learning with technologies, there is little or no guidance on illuminating the types of learning develops democratic processes with technologies. Gilly Salmon and Phemie Wright, in Transforming Future Teaching through 'Carpe Diem' Learning Design [6], highlight the challenge of staff development needed in Higher Education. They note that, while institutions expect their staff to design and deliver innovative approaches to online