Digital Survey and Material Analysis Strategies for Documenting, Monitoring and Study the Romanesque Churches in Sardinia, Italy

Columbu, Stefano; Verdiani, Giorgio

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13695-0_43

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Three-dimensional dense 'point clouds' can be generated through photogrammetry. These point clouds resemble those obtained with more expensive-and often leading to less detailed representationslaser scanner (e.g., Columbu and Verdiani 2014;Gomez-Heras et al 2014). This, in turn, allows all stakeholders to access easily to a useful and powerful representation of the heritage item.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

A 4D GIS methodology to study variations in evaporation points on a heritage building

et al. 2016

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Building decay is a dynamic process in which time is a key factor, and moisture-induced decay is no exception to the rule. Mapping strategies may hinder timebased moisture damage assessment and control in historic buildings, however. The time factor has often been absent in the mapping methodologies deployed to date, either because the studies conducted were one-off exercises or no georeferencing was involved. This paper describes the generation of four-dimensional space from a three-dimensional geographic information system (GIS) and time series data and its use to assess the incidence of moisture, defined in terms of evaporation points, on a historic building. Taken together with the potential inherent in the application of map algebra to GIS, this approach constitutes a powerful tool for enhancing the interpretation of dynamic processes such as moisture flows and evaporation. Keywords Stone decay Á Geographic information systems Á Hygrothermal behaviour Á 4D mapping This article is part of a Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on ''Geomaterials used as construction raw materials and their environmental interactions'' guest edited by Richard Prikryl, Á kos Török, Magdalini Theodoridou, and Miguel Gomez-Heras.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

A 4D GIS methodology to study variations in evaporation points on a heritage building

et al. 2016

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“…The volcanic rocks of the pentagonal tower, as demonstrated by some studies (Columbu et al, 2013(Columbu et al, , 2014bCoroneo & Columbu, 2010;Macciotta et al, 2001), show mainly a physical decay. Considering the high porosity (30-45%), in majority of cases this decay is concentrated in the basal parts of structures, due to the presence of circulating solutions, often characterized by the presence of salts.…”

Section: The Alteration Processes and Its Macroscopic Formsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The tower, which probably consisted of two storeys with wooden beams, now missing, and one stone one with a longitudinal arch, was built using pyroclastic rocks belonging to the Oligo-Miocenic volcanic cycle (Beccaluva et al, 1989;Columbu et al, 2011;Coulon, 1977;Cherchi & Montadert, 1982;Dostal et al, 1982;Lecca et al, 1997) occurring in Sardinia between 32 and 11 million years ago (Beccaluva et al, 1985;Savelli et al, 1979). These volcanic rocks are used in different historic periods in Sardinia for construction of monuments from Roman to medieval (Melis & Columbu, 1998;Columbu et al, 2014bColumbu et al, , 2015 or for ancient tools (i.e., Roman millstones made in Sardinia and exported in north-Africa; Antonelli et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Pyroclastic Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration processes of geomaterials used on the pentagonal tower of Serravalle Castle (central-west Sardinia, Italy)

Columbu

Meloni

2015

MODERN AGE FORTIFICATIONS of the MEDITERRANEAN COAST - DEFENSIVE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (FORTMED2015)

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The pentagonal tower belong to medieval Serravalle castle area (81 m. above sea level), near the mouth of the Temo River. The castle is important medieval fortifications of Sardinia and was built in various stages. The oldest part was constructed by Marchesi Malaspina of Villafranca which arrived in Sardinia at the 12th century (1112-1121). The earliest fortification was the four corner towers about 10 m tall, linked by a thick wall. The pentagonal tower, located in the western corner of the boundary dates about 1330, probably was consisted of two storeys with wooden beams, now missing, and one stone one with a longitudinal arch. In the structure was used local volcanic rocks (i.e., pyroclastites) belonging to the Oligo-Miocenic volcanic cycle of Sardinia (32-11 Ma). According to De La Roche classification (1980), the pyroclastic rocks have a composition varying from dacite to rhyolite and show a porphyritic structure (I.P. from 10 to 20%) for phenocrystals of opaque (ilmenite, magnetite and/or titanomagnetite), plagioclase, ± biotite, and rare hornblend and quartz. Two main type of volcanics are present with different physical properties (porosity, density, etc.) and petro-volcanological characteristics (e.g., welding degree): cineritic pyroclastites, little welded, with average values of open porosity and bulk density of 36.3±2.6% and 1.50±0.07 g/cm3, respectively; lava-like ignimbrites, from medium to high welded, and average values of open porosity and bulk density of 22.5±5.9% and 1.99±0.15 g/cm3, respectively. As function of these different features and extremely heterogeneous, due to variable incidence of pumice, lithic- and crystal-clasts, the alteration is present mainly on volcanics with low welding and exposed to the sea-winds. Due to marine aerosol, salt efflorescences are present. These latter, together thermal and hydric cyclic dilatation, lead to various macroscopic physical alterations (decohesion, chromatic alteration, pitting, exfoliation, flaking, alveolation, differential degradation between the lithic-clasts and the vitreous matrix)

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“…Building Information Modellings most powerful feature is considered to be integration of data [7,16]. Creating a BIM parametric 3D model means that every modelled object is linked to a table/spreadsheet, where its parameters and its characteristics are displayed [4,7,25]. The main problem is metadata handling: these tables show specific parameters, but metadata-such as historical documentation, photographs, texts, etc.…”

Section: Metadata Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that integration of heritage-specific metadata has been done successfully using software/platforms that are not usually considered BIM : never done, but potentially feasible. This means that integration of heritage-specific metadata has never been attempted, but it reasonable to suppose that it could be done given the available technologies Material properties and characterisation [11,22,25] [4, 7-9, 19, 20, 24] Environmental data [2] Predictions of degradation development…”

Section: Bim Maturity Levels Supporting Heritage-specific Metadatamentioning

confidence: 99%

BIM for heritage science: a review

et al. 2018

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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a new process that is spreading in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction field. It allows the creation of virtual building models, which can be linked to numerical data, texts, images, and other types of information. Building components, such as walls, floors, etc. are modelled as "smart objects", i.e. they are defined by numerical parameters, such as dimensions, and are embedded with other kinds of information, such as building materials and properties. Stored data are accessible and modifiable by all different professionals involved in the same project. The BIM process has been developed for new buildings, and it allows to plan and manage the whole building life-cycle. BIM for built heritage has started to be researched recently, and its use is still not widespread. Indeed, built heritage is characterised by complex morphology and non-homogeneous features, which clash with BIM's standardised procedures. Moreover, to date, BIM does not allow fully automated procedures to model heritage buildings. This review focuses on the survey and digitisation phases, which can be seen as the initial phases of application of BIM in conservation projects. It also briefly covers the modelling stage. Here we present the main methodologies developed for BIM for built heritage. Issues about digitisation are also highlighted, principally in connection with the unavailability of automated processes. During the last 10 years, research has led to promising results; for example, videogame interfaces have been used to simulate virtual 3D tours that display in a single interface the 3D model and the database containing metadata, and new software plug-ins have been developed, to easily create "smart objects". Nevertheless, further research is needed to establish how BIM can support the practice of building conservation. There is a gap in BIM's information holding capacities, namely the storage of cultural and historical documentation, as well as monitored and simulated data relevant for preventive conservation. Future work should focus on the development of new tools that will be able to store and share all the relevant metadata.

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Digital Survey and Material Analysis Strategies for Documenting, Monitoring and Study the Romanesque Churches in Sardinia, Italy

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

A 4D GIS methodology to study variations in evaporation points on a heritage building

A 4D GIS methodology to study variations in evaporation points on a heritage building

Alteration processes of geomaterials used on the pentagonal tower of Serravalle Castle (central-west Sardinia, Italy)

BIM for heritage science: a review

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