“…In particular, assessing DMC has been a challenge because meaning construction through DMC is accomplished by the use of multiple semiotic tools such as linguistic, visual, and auditory modes rather than the sole use of linguistic mode (Kang & Kim, 2021). Previous research that examined quality of DMC has focused on evaluating different aspects of the final project (Hsieh, 2021; Hsieh & Lee, 2021; Hung et al., 2013; Kang & Kim, 2021; Kim & Kang, 2020; Kim et al., 2022). A variety of elements assessed through a rubric include language‐related factors (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, organization, content, and mechanics), multimodality‐related factors (e.g., multimodal design), delivery (e.g., pace), and task‐related factors (e.g., task fulfillment).…”