Digital quantification of fracture in full-scale rock using micro-CT images: A fracturing experiment with N2 and CO2

Yang, Bing; Wang, Haizhu; Wang, Bin; Shen, Zhonghou; Zheng, Yong; Jia, Zhongzhi; Yan, Wanjuan

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107682

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A review and analysis of the publications demonstrate that the possibility of using supercritical technologies to enhance individual technological processes of oil recovery is currently being actively studied. These studies also cover hydraulic fracturing [14][15][16][17], extraction of hard-to-recover oil reserves, high-viscosity oils [10,11,18], extraction of hydrocarbon compounds [19,20], and processing and neutralization of oil sludge [21]. Detailed reviews of using SCF in various industries can be found in [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Supercritical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To study the fracturing characteristics, experimental work [15] was carried out on the sandstone formation fracturing using water, N 2 , liquid CO 2 , and supercritical CO 2 . Cracks were analyzed using computer tomography, which allowed quantifying the micromorphology of fractures, including the structure of the fracture network, fractal size, aperture, area ratio, fracture volume, etc.…”

Section: Using Scf For Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review and analysis of the publications demonstrate that the possibility of using supercritical technologies to enhance individual technological processes of oil recovery is currently being actively studied. These studies also cover hydraulic fracturing [14][15][16][17], extraction of hard-to-recover oil reserves, high-viscosity oils [10,11,18], extraction of hydrocarbon compounds [19,20], and processing and neutralization of oil sludge [21]. Supercritical fluids are used for supercritical extraction, drying, supercritical liquid chromatography, in the production of nano-and microparticles, pharmaceutical co-crystals, improvement of the geothermal system, refrigeration facilities, and in the synthesis of organic, inorganic, and organometallic substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Fluid Application in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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The unique properties of supercritical fluid technology have found wide application in various industry sectors. Supercritical fluids allow for the obtainment of new types of products with special characteristics, or development and design of technological processes that are cost-effective and friendly to the environment. One of the promising areas where supercritical fluids, especially carbon dioxide, can be used is the oil industry. In this regard, the present review article summarizes the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the use of supercritical fluids in the oil and gas industry for supercritical extraction in the course of oil refining, increasing oil recovery in the production of heavy oil, hydraulic fracturing, as well as processing and disposal of oil sludge and asphaltenes. At the end of the present review, the issue of the impact of supercritical fluid on the corrosion of oil and gas equipment is considered. It is found that supercritical fluid technologies are very promising for the oil industry, but supercritical fluids also have disadvantages, such as expansion or incompatibility with materials (for example, rubber).

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Section: Supercritical Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Using Scf For Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review and analysis of the publications demonstrate that the possibility of using supercritical technologies to enhance individual technological processes of oil recovery is currently being actively studied. These studies also cover hydraulic fracturing [14][15][16][17], extraction of hard-to-recover oil reserves, high-viscosity oils [10,11,18], extraction of hydrocarbon compounds [19,20], and processing and neutralization of oil sludge [21]. Supercritical fluids are used for supercritical extraction, drying, supercritical liquid chromatography, in the production of nano-and microparticles, pharmaceutical co-crystals, improvement of the geothermal system, refrigeration facilities, and in the synthesis of organic, inorganic, and organometallic substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Fluid Application in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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“…The cohesive zone model (CZM) can not only characterize the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures, but can also describe the tangential flow and normal filtration of fracturing fluid. Because of these advantages, the simulations of a two-dimensional fracture network [17][18][19] and a three-dimensional fracture network [20,21] based on the cohesive zone model have been carried out, and the effects of injection rate, cementation strength, and natural fracture distribution on the hydraulic fracture network have been discussed. The displacement discontinuity method (DDM) has been widely used in simulating complex hydraulic fractures or fracture networks due to its high computational efficiency [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on Propagation Behaviors of a Three-Dimensional Fracture Network Coupled with Microseismicity in Fractured Shale Reservoirs

Wu¹,

Huang²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The formation mechanism and propagation behaviors of a three-dimensional hydraulic fracture network in fractured shale reservoirs remain unclear, especially when the scale of hydraulic fractures is much larger than that of natural fractures. In this study, taking the well XH in the Longmaxi shale reservoir in the Sichuan Basin, China as an example, we develop a fully three-dimensional numerical model for hydraulic fracturing coupled with microseismicity based on the discrete lattice method. We introduce a randomly generated discrete fracture network into the proposed model and explore the formation mechanism of the hydraulic fracture network under the condition that the hydraulic fractures are much larger than natural fractures in scale. Moreover, microseismic events are inversely synthesized in the numerical model, which allows the evolution of the fracture network to be monitored and evaluated quantitatively. In addition, we analyze the effects of injection rate, horizontal stress difference, and fluid viscosity on fracture propagation. Our results show that when the scale of hydraulic fractures is much larger than that of natural fractures, the fracture morphology of “main hydraulic fractures + complex secondary fractures” is mainly formed. We find that a high injection rate can not only create a complex fracture network, but also improve the uniform propagation of multi-cluster fractures and enhance far-field stimulation efficiency. Optimizing the horizontal wellbore intervals with low horizontal stress differences as the sweet spots of hydraulic fracturing is also beneficial to improve the stimulation efficiency. For zones with a large number of natural fractures, it is recommended to use an injection schedule with high viscosity fluid early and low viscosity fluid late to allow the hydraulic fractures to propagate to the far-field to maximize the stimulation effect.

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“…Yang et al [35] implemented fracturing experiments on tight sandstone samples using water, nitrogen (N 2 ), liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO 2 ), and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ). Compared to water, they proved that CO 2 -based fluids have stronger fracturing capacity and produce more complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pressurizing Cryogenic Treatments on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Shale Core Samples—An Experimental Study

Khalil

Emadi

Altawati

2021

Gases

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The technique of cryogenic treatments requires injecting extremely cold fluids such as liquid nitrogen (LN2) into formations to create fractures in addition to connecting pre-existing fracture networks. This study investigated the effects of implementing and pressurizing cryogenic treatment on the physical (porosity and permeability) and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and bulk compressibility) of the Marcellus shale samples. Ten Marcellus core samples were inserted in a core holder and heated to 66 °C using an oven. Then, LN2 (−177 °C) was injected into the samples at approximately 0.14 MPa. Nitrogen was used to pressurize nine samples at injection pressures of 1.38, 2.76, and 4.14 MPa while the tenth core sample was not pressurized. Using a cryogenic pressure transducer and a T-type thermocouple, the pressure and temperature of the core holder were monitored and recorded during the test. The core samples were scanned using a computed tomography (CT) scanner, and their porosities, permeability, and ultrasonic velocities were measured both before and after conducting the cryogenic treatments. The analyses of CT scan results illustrated that conducting cryogenic treatments created new cracks inside all the samples. These cracks increased the pore volume, and as a result, the porosity, permeability, and bulk compressibility of the core samples increased. The creations of the new cracks also resulted in reductions in the compressional and shear velocities of the samples, and as a result, decreasing the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Moreover, the results revealed that pressurizing the injected LN2 increased the alterations of aforementioned properties.

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Digital quantification of fracture in full-scale rock using micro-CT images: A fracturing experiment with N2 and CO2

Cited by 44 publications

References 60 publications

Supercritical Fluid Application in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Review

Supercritical Fluid Application in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Review

Numerical Investigation on Propagation Behaviors of a Three-Dimensional Fracture Network Coupled with Microseismicity in Fractured Shale Reservoirs

Effects of Pressurizing Cryogenic Treatments on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Shale Core Samples—An Experimental Study

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