Digital pulse interval modulation for IR communication systems?a review

Ghassemlooy, Zabih; Hayes, Andrew

doi:10.1002/1099-1131(200011/12)13:7/8<519::aid-dac454>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…OOK is the most effective in combating ISI at low data rates (< 10 Mbps), but at high bit rates it suffers from a large power penalty [6]. Digital modulation schemes, such as PPM [7], DPIM [8], and DH-PIM [9] offer reduced power but at the expense of increased bandwidth. However, the power penalty due to ISI increases more rapidly for highly dispersive channels due to the shorter slot duration [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the effects of intersymbol interference in diffuse DPIM optical wireless communications

Ghassemlooy¹,

Hayes²,

Wilson³

2003

IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics

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This paper investigates the performance of digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) in the presence of multipath propagation and additive white Gaussian noise. To combat intersymbol interference (ISI) guard slots and a non-linear equaliser have been introduced. The average optical power requirements (AOPR) due to ISI for cases with/without guard slots and with equaliser are analysed using a ceiling-bounce model. Results obtained show that in the absence of equalisation, DPIM without guard slot offers a lower AOPR compared with on-off keying (OOK). Introducing guard slots gives a further reduction in AOPR by up to 4 dB due to the reduced duty cycle of the DPIM signal. The performance of DPIM without guard slot buy using an equaliser is found to be significantly better than DPIM with guard slots on a channel with severe ISI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the effects of intersymbol interference in diffuse DPIM optical wireless communications

Ghassemlooy¹,

Hayes²,

Wilson³

2003

IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics

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“…To these ends, simple amplitude modulation formats like OOK and amplitude shift keying (ASK) have been previously presented and evaluated [27], even though more complex phase and frequency modulation formats are also possible [29]. Relevant modulation schemes include PPM [30], differential PPM (DPPM) [31], digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM) [32], run-length limited (RLL) coding [33] and DC-balanced coding [34]. PPM is advantageous over OOK for low rate systems, since it requires decreased average power and is more robust against optical noise, especially noise components near baseband resulting from fluorescent lamps [27].…”

Section: Research-related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of communication-oriented optical wireless systems

Borah

Boucouvalas

Davis

et al. 2012

J Wireless Com Network

187

104

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This article presents an overview of optical wireless (OW) communication systems that operate both in the short-(personal and indoor systems) and the long-range (outdoor and hybrid) regimes. Each of these areas is discussed in terms of (a) key requirements, (b) their application framework, (c) major impairments and applicable mitigation techniques, and (d) current and/or future trends. Personal communication systems are discussed within the context of point-to-point ultra-high speed data transfer. The most relevant application framework and related standards are presented, including the next generation Giga-IR standard that extends personal communication speeds to over 1 Gb/s. As far as indoor systems are concerned, emphasis is given on modeling the dispersive nature of indoor OW channels, on the limitations that dispersion imposes on user mobility and dispersion mitigation techniques. Visible light communication systems, which provide both illumination and communication over visible or hybrid visible/ infrared LEDs, are presented as the most important representative of future indoor OW systems. The discussion on outdoor systems focuses on the impact of atmospheric effects on the optical channel and associated mitigation techniques that extend the realizable link lengths and transfer rates. Currently, outdoor OW is commercially available at 10 Gb/s Ethernet speeds for Metro networks and Local-Area-Network interconnections and speeds are expected to increase as faster and more reliable optical components become available. This article concludes with hybrid optical wireless/radio-frequency (OW/RF) systems that employ an additional RF link to improve the overall system reliability. Emphasis is given on cooperation techniques between the reliable RF subsystem and the broadband OW system.

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“…Considering the optimum single detection scheme using a matched filter and a threshold level detector, the slot error rate P se for the PPM system can be approximated to [31]:…”

Section: Ppm As a Block Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Bit error performance of diffuse indoor optical wireless channel pulse position modulation system employing artificial neural networks for channel equalisation

Rajbhandari

Ghassemlooy

Angelova

2009

IET Optoelectronics

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Citation: Rajbhandari, Sujan, Ghassemlooy, Zabih and Angelova, Maia (2009) Bit error performance of diffuse indoor optical wireless channel pulse position modulation system employing artificial neural networks for channel equalisation. IET Optoelectronics, 3 (4 Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.)The AbstractThe bit error rate (BER) performance of a pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme for non line-of-sight (LOS) indoor optical links employing channel equalization based on the artificial neural network (ANN) is reported in the paper. Channel equalization is achieved by training a multilayer perceptrons (MLP) ANN. A comparative study of the unequalized "soft" decision decoding and the "hard" decision decoding along with the neural equalized "soft" decision decoding is presented for different bit resolutions for optical channels with different delay spread. We show that the unequalized "hard" decision decoding performs the worst for all values of normalized delayed spread becoming impractical beyond normalized delayed spread of 0.6. However, "soft" decision decoding with/without equalization displays relatively improved performance for all values of the delay spread. The study shows that for a highly diffuse channel the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement to achieve a BER of 10 -5 for the ANN based equalizer is ~ 10 dB lower compared with the unequalized "soft" decoding for 16-PPM at a data rate of 155 Mbps. Our results indicate that for all range of delay spread, neural network equalization is an effective tool of mitigating the ISI.

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Digital pulse interval modulation for IR communication systems?a review

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Reducing the effects of intersymbol interference in diffuse DPIM optical wireless communications

Reducing the effects of intersymbol interference in diffuse DPIM optical wireless communications

A review of communication-oriented optical wireless systems

Bit error performance of diffuse indoor optical wireless channel pulse position modulation system employing artificial neural networks for channel equalisation

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