Digital Optical Circuit Switches and Switching Matrices in Polymers

Hauffe, R.; Siebel, U.; Bruns, J.; Petermann, K.

doi:10.1078/1434-8411-00045

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All these systems rely on the advancement of optical waveguide manufacturing technology to produce low-loss waveguides and interconnect as well as methods for their comprehensive analysis taking into account all relevant physical effects. So far, many photonic devices such as thermal optical switches (TOSs) [1,2], variable optical attenuators (VOAs) [3,4], optical couplers/splitters [5][6][7], and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) [8,9] were fabricated by employing polymer waveguides. The design and fabrication of a polymer transmission path for communication and sensing application is demonstrated in [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined thermomechanical and optical simulations of planar-optical polymer waveguides

Suar

Baran

Günther

et al. 2020

J. Opt.

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In this work, we describe a theoretical approach for combined thermal, mechanical and optical simulation and analysis of planar polymer waveguides. We consider a finite element approach for thermal and stress/deformation simulation. Also, a Crank-Nicholson finite difference beam propagation method (CN-BPM) is implemented to perform the optical simulation. The results of the finite element (thermo-mechanical) analysis are coupled with the CN-BPM results to carry out the optical simulation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waveguides as function of temperature. For thermal simulation, a model was designed where a polysilicon microheater was added to the upper cladding of the PMMA waveguides to vary the temperature between 20 • C and 200 • C. Thus, the impact of the induced temperature gradients on the refractive index modulation of the PMMA waveguides and the corresponding change in numerical aperture are obtained. In addition, the temperature gradients influence the beam intensity profiles and the movement of the primary eyes within the optical waveguides, thus, impacting the optical properties. Furthermore, the thermally induced mechanical stress and deformation were calculated for transverse and axial directions. In the next step, validation of the model by systematic experimental studies will be performed. In general, our approach provides a toolbox for more comprehensive multi-physics theoretical analysis of polymer-optical waveguides which, in future, can be extended to more complex and functional structures as required for flexible sensor networks, as example.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined thermomechanical and optical simulations of planar-optical polymer waveguides

Suar

Baran

Günther

et al. 2020

J. Opt.

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“…The effect of equal modulating electric field on the switching capability of the device is investigated for a fixed bias voltage range (10-22V). We have observed the power levels at all undesired output ports (2)(3)(4), in order to calculate the CT levels at near-end and far-end with respect to desired output port (1).…”

Section: Simulation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilizing electro-optic (EO) properties, various optical materials like polymers [4][5][6] amorphous Si [7-8] InP [9] InGaAs/InGaAlAs [10], LiNb03 [11][12][13][14], etc. have been used as a suitable back plane to implement DOSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and performance analysis of single substrate based 1×4 digital optical switches

Singh

Janyani

Kumar

et al. 2012

2012 Photonics Global Conference (PGC)

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With this work, for the first time a detailed modeling and performance analysis is presented for a single substrate based 1 x4 digital optical switches with a channel profile of proton exchanged Lithium Niobate. Performance of the switches are optimized by theoretical controlled modeling of proton exchanged channel waveguides, electrode placement and with use of low less bends to maintain transition losses at low levels. Proposed structures are evaluated using beam propagation method for a range of driving voltage (IOV-22V), with utilization of excellent electro-optic properties of the proton exchanged Lithium Niobate waveguides. The computed results for their performance are in good agreement with previous published data. Keywords-Digital optical switch, proton exchanged Lithium Niobate (PE-LN), Single substrate based 1 x4 DOS, Crosstalk levels.

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“…Among various semiconductor switches, a digital optical switch (DOS) based on adiabatic mode evolution has experienced maximum attention due to its unique characteristics of low polarization and low wavelength sensitivity. A conventional Y-shaped waveguiding structure had been preferred to realize a DOS with polymers [1], amorphous Si [2][3], Ti-indiffused LiNbO 3 [4][5][6][7] because of its easy and compact design, though it usually suffers from a high driving voltage and crosstalk (CT) levels. The improvements in CT had been proposed by modifying this structure, such as using double-etch waveguides [8], asymmetric X-junction [9], cascaded DOS [1] and a two-stage dilated switch [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance Digital Optical Switch

Singh

Gupta²,

Jain³

et al. 2011

Photon. Lett. Poland

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Abstract-In this work, we present a high performance Y-shaped digital optical switch (DOS) which complies with the DOS reported earlier using Titanium in-diffused or proton exchanged Lithium Niobate waveguiding structures. The optimization of switching characteristics is performed for switching voltage and device size. This structure has a total length of 5.5mm and a width of 20.6µm. For the first time, the driving voltage as low as 1V has been achieved with acceptable crosstalk levels (in the range of -22dB to -28dB) for communication applications. Using a beam propagation method (BPM), we demonstrate that the switch is polarization independent and suitable for low attenuation optical window (1300nm and 1550nm) operation as well.In the modern age of communication, switches are one of the most important devices in optical networks. Among various semiconductor switches, a digital optical switch (DOS) based on adiabatic mode evolution has experienced maximum attention due to its unique characteristics of low polarization and low wavelength sensitivity. A conventional Y-shaped waveguiding structure had been preferred to realize a DOS with polymers However, the crosstalk suppression using these approaches had been achieved at the expense of higher driving voltages, while device operation with low power requirements is one of the key issues in modern communication networks. Therefore emphasis shall be given on the development of a DOS with low CT levels and switch losses for low power (voltage) requirements. Proper electrode positioning shall lead to electro-optic switches with reduced losses and driving power requirements as well [7], [11]. In this work, we propose a Y-shaped digital optical switch based on conventional structure with the lowest switching voltage (1V) and CT as low as in the range of -22dB to -28dB. The device design and analysis have been done with the Beamprop software and beam propagation method (BPM), * E-mail: gschoudhary75@gmail.com respectively. We have concentrated on a Ti-indiffused or proton exchanged LiNbO 3 electro-optic DOS utilizing optimized and properly shaped (slanted) electrode regions in accordance to output waveguides to achieve better switching performance with lower voltage requirements than previously reported. Figure 1 depicts the layout of the proposed DOS based on a conventional Y-shaped waveguiding structure. In our case, the channel waveguide width (C w ) is 4µm and the entire structure has a length of 5.5mm with a total device width of 20.6µm. The length of the output arms (slanted waveguides, L arm ) is 3.5mm, with a separation of 10µm between the end facets of its output ports. The optimum length of electrodes (L e ) is found to be 3/4 th of the switch arms i.e. 2.62 mm. Here we considered slanted shaped electrode regions in accordance with outer arms rather than choosing linear electrodes as previously used [11]. Extensive iterations were performed to found the best value for a branch angle, with which the device operates as an efficient splitter under no bias conditi...

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Digital Optical Circuit Switches and Switching Matrices in Polymers

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Combined thermomechanical and optical simulations of planar-optical polymer waveguides

Combined thermomechanical and optical simulations of planar-optical polymer waveguides

Modeling and performance analysis of single substrate based 1×4 digital optical switches

High performance Digital Optical Switch

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