Digital Monitoring, Estimation and Control of Emulsion Copolymerization

Dimitratos, J.; Georgakis, Christos; El‐Aasser, M. S.; Klein, A.

doi:10.23919/acc.1989.4790432

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We stopped the feed of the }-th one monomer species ( Q 1 =0) in the starved interval, and the remaining monomers were fed into the system gradually over time. In such case, eq 5 could lead to 10 (6) where the new parameter r 1 is introduced. Integrated with the final condition: ¢=0 (7) where M[ is the total mass of polymer produced, we obtain,…”

Section: Optimal Monomer Feed Flow Rate Vs Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and bimolecular termination in the polymer particles. These values could not be accurately predicted and are usually unknown.To solve this problem, Dimitratos et al 6 • 7 proposed a polymerization rate model based on the equilibrium partition relationships and literature for evaluation of the average number of free radicals per polymer particle (n). Model error was corrected by the compositions of monomers in the experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Composition Control of Copolymer in Semibatch Emulsion CopolymerizationI. Methyl Methacrylate/Styrene Two-Component System

Hsu

Chiu

Lee

et al. 2001

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:This research studies the Methyl methacrylate/Styrene two-component system through either soapless semi-batch emulsion copolymerization or soapless batch emulsion copolymerization. The optimal monomer feed flow rate was determined from experiments and theory through semi-batch emulsion copolymerization. The instantaneous composition of polymers was effectively controlled to get the desired final products. We used the monomer feed flow rate as a function of conversion, derived by Canu et al. from the monomer reactivity ratios and the interphase partition laws, along with the correspondence between conversion and time, to obtain the monomer feed flow rate as a function of time. The optimal monomer feed flow rate was obtained from iterative experiments, and through this we could effectively control the polymer composition.KEY WORDS Two-Component/ Semi-Batch/ Emulsion Copolymerization / Polymer latex is used widely for the applications in paint, textile coating, adhesives, and paper coating. Polymer latex of diverse properties is in great demand for different applications. It is critical to know how to get the desired copolymer latex by controlling polymer composition in a polymerization reaction.Traditionally, polymer composition is controlled through semi-batch emulsion polymerization under a starved condition. 1 -5 In a reaction system like this, the composition of the monomer mixture is equal to the desired copolymer composition, with the monomer feed rate much lower than the polymerization rate. Since the monomers are added at slow rate, the composition of the copolymer obtained would be identical to that of the monomer mixture added to the reactor. Although the heat generated during reaction is easier to handle due to the slow reaction rate, it takes much longer time to complete the whole reaction. The low concentration of monomers throughout the entire reaction process changes the distribution of molecular weight, 4 which would have further impact on the properties of the final product.Therefore, researchers work hard to produce a copolymer with a given composition while keeping the polymerization rate maximum. To maintain the desired copolymer composition, we need to keep the corresponding monomer composition in the reaction under control by adding the monomers at an appropriate rate. To calculate the optimal monomer addition policy, we know what the time evolutions of both the number of polymer particles (Np) and average number of free radicals per polymer particle (n) are. Variation of the number of polymer particles during polymerization can be minimized in semi-batch seeded emulsion polymerization by adjusting the amount of surfactant. Average numbers of free radicals per polymer particle were determined by the rates of adsorption and desorption of the polymer particles tTo whom correspondence should be addressed. and bimolecular termination in the polymer particles. These values could not be accurately predicted and are usually unknown.To solve this problem, Dimitratos et al. 6 • 7 proposed a...

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Section: Optimal Monomer Feed Flow Rate Vs Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition Control of Copolymer in Semibatch Emulsion CopolymerizationI. Methyl Methacrylate/Styrene Two-Component System

Hsu

Chiu

Lee

et al. 2001

Polym J

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“…Examples of varying sophistication are seen in the works of Chiang et al 50) , Guyot et al 51) , Kravaris et al 52) , Dimitratos et al. 53,54) , Gagnon and MacGregor 55) , Kozub and MacGregor 48 , Vega 56) , Leiza et al 57) , and Saldivar and Ray 49) .…”

Section: Copolymer Composition Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and semi-batch control of cross-link density distribution in the free-radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers

Enright

Zhu²

2000

Macromol. Theory Simul.

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A general model has been developed to describe the cross‐link density development during the free radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers. The conventional copolymerization theory based on the terminal model is applied to the cross‐linking system in a novel way. The cross‐link density profile is illustrated for both batch and standard semi‐batch processes. A new semi‐batch feed procedure is proposed that results in a uniform cross‐link density throughout the reaction.

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“…[1,2,4] Thus, copolymer composition control in terms of optimal monomer addition policy has widely been studied. [2,5,6] It has been shown that homogeneous copolymers having a desired composition can be obtained by feeding the more reactive comonomer into the reactor according to an optimal control law. [3,7] Semi-batch polymerization can prolong the nucleation period and result in a decrease of particle growth rate under monomer starved conditions, leading to the production of small sized, high solid-content latexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Batch Emulsion Copolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Butyl Acrylate Using Oligomeric Nonionic Surfactants

Lazaridis

Alexopoulos

Kiparissides³

2001

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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Digital Monitoring, Estimation and Control of Emulsion Copolymerization

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Composition Control of Copolymer in Semibatch Emulsion CopolymerizationI. Methyl Methacrylate/Styrene Two-Component System

Composition Control of Copolymer in Semibatch Emulsion CopolymerizationI. Methyl Methacrylate/Styrene Two-Component System

Modeling and semi-batch control of cross-link density distribution in the free-radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers

Semi-Batch Emulsion Copolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Butyl Acrylate Using Oligomeric Nonionic Surfactants

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