Digital modular protection for grid-connected PMG-based WECSs with battery storage systems

Power quality control through automated demand side management in microgrid equipped with battery energy storage for protection

“…• Optimum use of BES: to make the overall system more reliable, secure and operational [19][20][21] • optimal protection: ESS coordinated with DG to synthesise the system [18] • protection devices: coordinated with backup for voltage relay under fault condition [13] • CB coordination: developed for relay device with/without BES • protection challenges: effect of DG units, fault levels, security issues and efficient use of CBs [22] • primary and secondary backup of protection: provided protection coordination and maintained voltage regulation [14,15] benefits of proposed methodology: power quality can be controlled through ADSM in microgrid equipped with BES for protection utilising single MGCC/CPU controller • protection device with BES system as a multifunctional unit: to improve PQ, THD, PF etc. [23] • failures in CBs: reduced with proper strategies and backup [16] • protection scheme to ESS: maintained balanced operation during transition and fault condition [27] • backup protection: provided to operate standby CB [17] • mis-coordination: affected the operation of equipment and relay circuit [24] • problem of coordination: avoided malfunctioning in main and backup relays using AMFA [25] • digital modular protection: reduced dependency on protective relay coordination to make fast, accurate and reliable system [28] • backup for overcurrent protective relays: provided the bidirectional flow of power to maintain PQ of microgrid [29] IET Gener. Transm.…”

“…The balanced operation can be maintained between the state of transition (grid or islanded mode) and loads by providing the protection scheme to the ESS during fault condition [27]. The digital modular protection for interconnected storage systems in DGs can reduce dependency on protective relay coordination to make the overall system fast, accurate and reliable [28]. In case of a medium voltage DC microgrid, the backup for overcurrent protective relays provides the bidirectional flow of power at both the source and the load sides maintaining the power quality [29].…”