Digital microfluidics using soft lithography

Urbanski, John Paul; Thies, William; Rhodes, Christopher P.; Amarasinghe, Saman; Thorsen, Todd

doi:10.1039/b510127a

Cited by 151 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The first chip (see Figure 4) isolates fluid samples by suspending them in oil [Urbanski et al, 2006]. To implement mixAndStore, each input sample is transported from a storage bin to one side of the mixer.…”

Section: Microfluidic Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstraction layers for scalable microfluidic biocomputing

et al. 2007

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Microfluidic devices are emerging as an attractive technology for automatically orchestrating the reactions needed in a biological computer. Thousands of microfluidic primitives have already been integrated on a single chip, and recent trends indicate that the hardware complexity is increasing at rates comparable to Moore's Law. As in the case of silicon, it will be critical to develop abstraction layerssuch as programming languages and Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs)-that decouple software development from changes in the underlying device technology.Towards this end, this paper presents BioStream, a portable language for describing biology protocols, and the Fluidic ISA, a stable interface for microfluidic chip designers. A novel algorithm translates microfluidic mixing operations from the BioStream layer to the Fluidic ISA. To demonstrate the benefits of these abstraction layers, we build two microfluidic chips that can both execute BioStream code despite significant differences at the device level. We consider this to be an important step towards building scalable biological computers.

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Section: Microfluidic Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstraction layers for scalable microfluidic biocomputing

et al. 2007

Self Cite

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“…The first chip (see Figure 4) isolates fluid samples by suspending them in oil [17]. To implement mixAndStore, each input sample is transported from a storage bin to one side of the mixer.…”

Section: Microfluidic Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, our chips are the only ones that provide arbitrary mixing of discrete samples in a soft lithography medium. A more detailed comparison of the devices is published elsewhere [17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstraction Layers for Scalable Microfluidic Biocomputers

Thies¹,

Urbanski

Thorsen

et al. 2006

DNA Computing

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Abstract. Microfluidic devices are emerging as an attractive technology for automatically orchestrating the reactions needed in a biological computer. Thousands of microfluidic primitives have already been integrated on a single chip, and recent trends indicate that the hardware complexity is increasing at rates comparable to Moore's Law. As in the case of silicon, it will be critical to develop abstraction layers-such as programming languages and Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs)-that decouple software development from changes in the underlying device technology. Towards this end, this paper presents BioStream, a portable language for describing biology protocols, and the Fluidic ISA, a stable interface for microfluidic chip designers. A novel algorithm translates microfluidic mixing operations from the BioStream layer to the Fluidic ISA. To demonstrate the benefits of these abstraction layers, we build two microfluidic chips that can both execute BioStream code despite significant differences at the device level. We consider this to be an important step towards building scalable biological computers.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Photolithography and chemical etching, widely used in microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) patterning, have made soft-lithography the most prevalent technique for PDMS based devices. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The constraints on such fabrication techniques are that these are expensive, time consuming, complicated, and require specialized tools. Furthermore, the end results of these approaches are mostly rectangular shaped channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled synthesis and characterization of microchannels in polymeric membranes

Kahsai

Pham

Sankaran

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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This article describes a novel self-assembly approach to create microchannels in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polyurethane (PU). The interactions between hydrophilic PEO/PU and hydrophobic PDMS, as it cross-links, result into PEO/PU pushed out of the bulk PDMS. As this occurs, PEO/PU particles leave behind their tracks. PEO depicts ease of handling, better inherent alignment, and excellent repeatability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical/confocal laser scanning microscopy, and fluid flow measurements are done to characterize the microfluidic channels. These channels have a circular cross-section and are parallel to each other. PEO generates smaller channels compared to PU. The diameter, arrangement, and height of these channels are seen to depend on temperature; for example, channel length increases linearly with temperature. An interdependent relationship between temperature, pore size, and number of pores is also exhibited. During phase separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, interface shows concentric circular arrangements of hydrophilic molten polymer. The circular pattern shows almost similar radial change in size. The flow behavior of colored ink solutions shows higher velocity at the entrance of microchannels which decreases to sustained lower velocity as fluid travels farther in the microchannels. The fabrication of membrane does not need lithography or etching, and channels are self-assembled from bottom-up interactions. These microchannel membranes can have applications in drug delivery, cell culture studies, mixing of solutions, separation of mixtures, lab-on-a-chip, etc.

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Digital microfluidics using soft lithography

Cited by 151 publications

References 34 publications

Abstraction layers for scalable microfluidic biocomputing

Abstraction layers for scalable microfluidic biocomputing

Abstraction Layers for Scalable Microfluidic Biocomputers

Self-assembled synthesis and characterization of microchannels in polymeric membranes

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