Digital Microfluidic Hemagglutination Assays for Blood Typing, Donor Compatibility Testing, and Hematocrit Analysis

Sklavounos, Alexandros; Lamanna, Julian; Modi, Dimpy; Gupta, Sidharth; Mariakakis, Alex; Callum, Jeannie; Wheeler, Aaron R.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvab180

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rapid and accurate blood group typing is essential in emergency scenarios for safe blood transfusion. A digital microfluidic droplet agglutination assessment detection method was recently developed for rapid blood group typing prior to transfusion (44). It depends on digital microfluidics that manipulates discrete nano-to microscale droplets on an open electrode array by increasing the electric potential.…”

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The digital microfluidics-based detection system includes a DropBot droplet control system, reconstituted pumps for freeze-drying analysis reagents, cameras, laptops, etc. (44)(45)(46)(47). The specimens can be collected, processed, and measured using an automated system and simple portable instruments that can operate in remote and difficult environments with limited access to centralized laboratories (48).…”

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specimens can be collected, processed, and measured using an automated system and simple portable instruments that can operate in remote and difficult environments with limited access to centralized laboratories (48). Using this method, the blood type of 60 blood samples was tested and validated with 100% accuracy (44). The detection system can also perform compatibility detection with the donor and hematocrit analysis (44).…”

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this method, the blood type of 60 blood samples was tested and validated with 100% accuracy (44). The detection system can also perform compatibility detection with the donor and hematocrit analysis (44). Since the entire process takes <6 min, it is highly suitable for emergency trauma patients (44).…”

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Blood Group Testing

Guo

2022

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most frequently performed clinical procedures and therapies to improve tissue oxygen delivery in hospitalized patients worldwide. Generally, the cross-match is the mandatory test in place to meet the clinical needs of RBC transfusion by examining donor-recipient compatibility with antigens and antibodies of blood groups. Blood groups are usually an individual's combination of antigens on the surface of RBCs, typically of the ABO blood group system and the RH blood group system. Accurate and reliable blood group typing is critical before blood transfusion. Serological testing is the routine method for blood group typing based on hemagglutination reactions with RBC antigens against specific antibodies. Nevertheless, emerging technologies for blood group testing may be alternative and supplemental approaches when serological methods cannot determine blood groups. Moreover, some new technologies, such as the evolving applications of blood group genotyping, can precisely identify variant antigens for clinical significance. Therefore, this review mainly presents a clinical overview and perspective of emerging technologies in blood group testing based on the literature. Collectively, this may highlight the most promising strategies and promote blood group typing development to ensure blood transfusion safety.

show abstract

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microfluidic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Blood Group Testing

Guo

2022

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Researchers have reported microfluidic systems for blood agglutination. Many have proposed plastic microfluidic chips with a sophisticated flow control unit of fresh reagents [18][19][20]. Those required accurate micropumps and reagent solutions in control temperature containers before use, so that the operation could only be performed in a laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemagglutination Detection with Paper–Plastic Hybrid Passive Microfluidic Chip

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hemagglutination is a critical reaction that occurs when antigens expressed on red blood cells (RBCs) react with the antibodies used for blood typing. Even though blood typing devices have been introduced to the market, they continue to face several limitations in terms of observation by the eye alone, blood manipulation difficulties, and the need for large-scale equipment, particularly process automated machines. Thus, this study aimed to design, fabricate, and test a novel hybrid passive microfluidic chip made of filter paper and polymer using a cost-effective xurography manufacturing technique. This chip is referred to as the microfluidic paper–plastic hybrid passive device (PPHD). A passive PPHD does not require external sources, such as a syringe pump. It is composed of a paper-based component that contains dried antibodies within its porous paper and a polymer component that serves as the detection zone. A single blood sample was injected into the chip’s inlet, and classification was determined using the mean intensity image. The results indicated that embedded antibodies were capable of causing RBC agglutination without a saline washing step and that the results could be classified as obviously agglutination or nonagglutination for blood typing using both the naked eye and a mean intensity image. As a proof-of-concept, this study demonstrated efficiency in quantitative hemagglutination measurement within a passive PPHD for blood typing, which could be used to simplify blood biomarker analysis.

show abstract

Vertical Addressing of 1‐Plane Electrodes for Digital Microfluidics

Ecken

Sklavounos

Wheeler

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

for droplet actuation in digital microfluidics is often described in terms of "electrowetting on dielectric" (EWOD). [5] In this scheme (Figure 1a), when a voltage is applied between a driving electrode and the groundelectrode, droplets adjacent to the driving electrode experience an electrostatic force F EWOD . If F EWOD is greater than a resistive force F Resist (which can include contact-line pinning, viscous drag, and viscous dissipation, among others [6] ), the droplet moves onto the activated electrode (Figure 1a). Similarly, simultaneous actuation of electrodes on opposite sides of a droplet can cause it to split into two or more sub-droplets, which forms the basis for a "dispense" operation. Thus, DMF offers the ability to automatically move, dispense, merge, and mix droplets of different reagents on a lab-on-a-chip, similar to a technician pipetting reagents into wells of a microtiter plate. Analogously, the greater the density of driving electrodes (for DMF) or wells (for microtiter plates), the more useful the system is for multiplexed/ parallel operations and analyses. The driving electrode arrays that are used in DMF bottom plates are typically laid out as a two-dimensional grid. Electrode dimensions are commonly 0.5-2.5 mm per side, and each electrode is typically separated from its adjacent neighbors by tens of micrometers. Each driving electrode is (typically) individually addressable-using a 20-100 micrometer wide conductive trace to connect each driving electrode to a dedicated contact pad at the edge of the bottom plate. The contact pad allows the device to interface with the DMF control system which can apply an electric potential to each pad independently, and by extension each electrode. The methods used to fabricate driving electrode arrays on the bottom plates of DMF devices can be roughly categorized as either "1-plane-electrode" techniques or "vertical addressing" techniques. (Note that the phrase "coplanar electrodes" is often used to describe "single plate" DMF devices. Here, we are focused on the more common "two plate" device format, and thus use an alternate term, "1-plate-electrodes" to try to emphasize the difference.) In devices formed by 1-plane-electrode techniques (Figure 1b), all of the electrical architecture (the driving electrodes, the electrically conductive traces, and the contact pads) are formed on the same plane of the bottom plate. In devices formed by vertical addressing techniques (Figure 1c), the DMF driving electrode array is on a single plane, but the conductive traces that connect to the driving electrodes are formed vertically, allowing for electrical Digital microfluidics (DMF) has become a mainstay in the microfluidics and microelectromechanical communities. Many users rely on simple DMF devices featuring a small number of rows and columns of electrodes that can be rapidly manufactured using "one plane" lithographic or printing techniques. But as the popularity of DMF grows, there are increasing needs for larger devices that can facilitate multiplexed handli...

show abstract

Digital Microfluidic Hemagglutination Assays for Blood Typing, Donor Compatibility Testing, and Hematocrit Analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Blood Group Testing

Blood Group Testing

Hemagglutination Detection with Paper–Plastic Hybrid Passive Microfluidic Chip

Vertical Addressing of 1‐Plane Electrodes for Digital Microfluidics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About