Digital MEMS for optical switching

Dobbelaere, P. De; Falta, K.; Gloeckner, S.; Patra, S.

doi:10.1109/35.989763

Cited by 160 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In all-optical networks, signal are transmitted in the optical domain with no electrical regeneration from end to end. In the nodes, which are called optical crossconnects (OXCs), signals are switched spatially in the optical domain [10]. The absence of OEO conversion allows (among other benefits) all-optical networks to bypass the capacity bottleneck incurred by the relatively low speed of electronic components, as data processing at 40 Gbit/s and above requires expensive devices.…”

Section: All-optical Network Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed network monitoring for ip and all-optical networks

Coates

Pointurier

Rabbat

2007

Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement

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We address the problem of efficient end-to-end network monitoring of path metrics in communication networks. Our goal is to minimize the number of measurements or monitors required to maintain an acceptable estimation accuracy. We present a framework based on diffusion wavelets and nonlinear estimation. Our procedure involves the development of a diffusion wavelet basis that is adapted to the monitoring problem. This basis exploits spatial and temporal correlations in the measured phenomena to provide a compressible representation of the path metrics. The framework employs nonlinear estimation techniques using ℓ 1 minimization to generate estimates for the unmeasured paths. We describe heuristic approaches for the selection of the paths that should be monitored, or equivalently, where hardware monitors should be located. We demonstrate how our estimation framework can improve the efficiency of end-to-end delay estimation in IP networks and reduce the number of hardware monitors required to track bit-error rates in all-optical networks (networks with no electrical regenerators).

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Section: All-optical Network Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed network monitoring for ip and all-optical networks

Coates

Pointurier

Rabbat

2007

Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement

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“…The current state-of-the-art optical switching technology is based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs) where an array of micro mirrors is oriented to reflect the incident light toward specific output ports [7][8][9]. The first generation of these MEMSs was designed so the light is propagating along the plane of the devices, e.g., west-east.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction-Based Optical Switching with MEMS

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We are presenting an overview of MEMS-based (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) optical switch technology starting from the reflective two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MEMS implementations. To further increase the speed of the MEMS from these devices, the mirror size needs to be reduced. Small mirror size prevents efficient reflection but favors a diffraction-based approach. Two implementations have been demonstrated, one using the Texas Instruments DLP (Digital Light Processing), and the other an LCoS-based (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) SLM (Spatial Light Modulator). These switches demonstrated the benefit of diffraction, by independently achieving high speed, efficiency, and high number of ports. We also demonstrated for the first time that PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation format can be used with diffraction-based devices. To be truly effective in diffraction mode, the MEMS pixels should modulate the phase of the incident light. We are presenting our past and current efforts to manufacture a new type of MEMS where the pixels are moving in the vertical direction. The original structure is a 32 × 32 phase modulator array with high contrast grating pixels, and we are introducing a new sub-wavelength linear array capable of a 310 kHz modulation rate.

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“…The performance of switches highly depends on the switching method they employ. The approaches reported in the literature rely on different physical mechanisms, e.g, gain tuning [1][2][3][4], thermal tuning [5][6][7], electro-optical tuning [8][9][10], acousto-optic deflection [10,11], micro/nano mechanical actuation [12][13][14][15][16]. However, each of these approaches has some shortcomings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%