Digital, matrix and intermediate-frequency scanning

Butler, J. W.

doi:10.1109/aps.1965.1150275

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the prototype of such a network, the well-known Butler-matrix [5] was designed for linear arrays and will not produce the proper phasing in this application. It could, however, be used even in this application with additional circuitry based on the concept of superposition of current modes [6].…”

Section: Concept Of Array and Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-square phased array for multi-beam applications using novel matrix feed

Solbach

Angenendt

2007

2007 European Radar Conference

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Modern communications systems use multi-beam antennas for the sectorization of 360° azimuthal coverage or diversity and MIMO concepts. One suitable antenna realization is based on the phased array principle, where four elements placed at the edges of a square are required in order to form four overlapping beams in azimuth. In its basic form, excitation phases of 0°, 90° and 180° are required for beam forming. The paper presents a novel multi-beam matrix network created by four 90°-hybrid couplers which realizes the required excitation for four beams spaced by 90° in the azimuth plane. A proof-ofconcept antenna was designed which employs miniature surfacemount couplers in a microstrip feed network and uses vertical monopole radiators.

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Section: Concept Of Array and Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-square phased array for multi-beam applications using novel matrix feed

Solbach

Angenendt

2007

2007 European Radar Conference

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“…Also as will be described, they form arrays which are easily steered. Consider a ring slot of mode m. The far field patterns are given by Ee (0 , ) = EmJ,j (k0a sinO )eim (5) E (0 , 4) = jEmJm(koa sinO )e" (6) where E0 and E are the 9 and 4 -directed far field components, J,, is the Bessel function of first kind, order m, a is the ring slot radius, n the mode number, 0 is the elevation angle, and 4is the azimuth angle. A coaxial array can be formed by using rings of different modes.…”

Section: Ring Slot Arrays For Wlan Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed circuit antennas for indoor millimeter-wave wireless LANs

Sainati

Kot

Nikolic

et al. 1995

Proceedings of SPIE

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Interest is growing in indoor cellular communications systems using very small cell sizes (tens of meters) to meet the demand for wideband wireless networks. Millimeter-wave systems are atiracilve because they offer large bandwidths and small size. Achieving high data rates requires efficient and adaptive antenna systems. Antenna radiation patterns should be shaped for best cell illumination and capable of being altered to cope with multipath and changing propagation conditions. Microstrip ring slot and annular rings offer potential for low cost beam shaping and steering. They are compatible with MMIC technology making integration easy and are low cost. A brief discussion of antenna requirements is given. The operation of these microstrip antennas is presented along with a description of low cost adaptive arrays.

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“…Furthermore, a FFT based BFN often implemented as a Butler matrix [28], [29] is assumed. It has the property of a constant phase gradient ∆θ m over the antenna array aperture, yielding…”

Section: Switched Multibeam Antenna Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nonlinear distortion on switched multibeam FDMA systems

Wennstrom¹,

Oberg²,

Rydberg

2003

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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The effects of using an multicarrier amplifier (MCPA) in the transmit chain of a cellular FDMA system utilizing switched multibeam base-station antennas is investigated. By combining several carriers prior to amplification, the signal envelope will be time varying and the MCPA will introduce non-linear distortion of the amplified waveforms. It is shown how the main beam direction and frequency of any intermodulation product of any order can be calculated and a frequency allocation scheme is presented that reduces the intermodulation distortion at the mobile users. By Monte Carlo simulations, the probability distribution function of the received intermodulation distortion power is estimated, assuming a GSM system, as a function of the number of antenna elements and the number of active users. Comparisons with a one-element reference antenna is made, and it is shown that the received intermodulation distortion power for the users in the system is substantially reduced when the number of beams are increased or the user activity is reduced.

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Digital, matrix and intermediate-frequency scanning

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Four-square phased array for multi-beam applications using novel matrix feed

Four-square phased array for multi-beam applications using novel matrix feed

Printed circuit antennas for indoor millimeter-wave wireless LANs

Effects of nonlinear distortion on switched multibeam FDMA systems

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