Digital lock-in amplifier for space rubidium atomic clock

Jain, Pratik; Priya, Priyanka; Ram, T. V. S.; Parikh, Kirit S.; Bandi, Thejesh

doi:10.1063/5.0061727

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…在空天探索领域, 空间引力波探测是当前国际研究热点, 其核心技术是测量相距数百万千米的两测试质量间的平动转动等相对运动, 激光外差干涉是实现如此远距离的两个物体之间精密测量的有效方法, 这里必须通过锁相装置对相位信号跟踪分析, 方能实现对引力波的测量 [96] . 跟锁相密切相相位严格可控的双光束除了开展如引力波验证的远距离空间探测, 同样的光源被用于二维光谱提取 [97] , 以及通过光频梳实现kHz级别精度的太赫兹光谱 [98] , 即可实现分子指纹信息的精细测量, 其中, 光谱要求得越精细, 对锁相的要求就也越高. 样, 相位计中的相位输出范围超过10亿度, 以满足较大距离内的准确跟踪 [96] .…”

Section: 空间探测unclassified

Research progress of lock-in amplifiers

Guo,

Li,

et al. 2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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The lock-in amplifier can perform high-precision measurement in both time and amplitude dimensions, so that it becomes a key component of instrumental system for precision measurement and control. This article overviews the concept, technology, and application of phase-locked amplifiers as a guide. It first explains the development and evolution of phase-locked amplifiers of analog, digital, and virtual phase-locked amplifiers, demonstrating their relationship and differences. Then, it classifies phase-locked amplifiers from a mathematical perspective based on the order and type of phase-locked loops. Subsequently, the testing process and metrological calibration progress of the main performance of phase-locked amplifiers, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase noise, are introduced. The conversion relationship between key indicators such as phase noise, time-domain jitter, Allen variance, and the coupling relationship with amplitude noise are discussed. Finally, the application forms and effects of phase-locked amplifiers in the fields of spectral enhancement, impedance analysis, magnetic measurement, microscopic imaging, and space exploration are listed. Through some new applications, the prospects of their transition from scientific instruments to industrial and even civilian products through intelligent computing, precise IoT, and other means are briefly given.

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Section: 空间探测unclassified

Research progress of lock-in amplifiers

Guo,

Li,

et al. 2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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“…As seen in Table 1, Rb atomic clocks are the most common and widely used clocks in GNSS, hence indigenous Rb clock has been developed independently at ISRO. [53][54][55][56] Due to their reliable operation in GNSS, with importance to Rb standards, we will cover its operation in brief in the next section. A typical space qualified Rb clock used in GNSS consists of an Electronic Power Conditioner (EPC) from which the power distribution to the clock package is given; base plate for temperature regulation of the clock; Rb atoms confined inside the physics package; local oscillator (quartz) and related control electronics.…”

Section: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (Gnss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

Bandi

2023

BEMS Reports

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Time is ubiquitous, and integral to our everyday lives. Precise measurement of time intervals is basic to various activities humans are dependent up on, such as accurate positioning using satellite navigation, telecommunication, aviation, definition of International Time, secondary applications using positioning, military applications etc. Atomic clocks formulate the heart of precise time measurement and hence enable the positioning and navigation and niche time and frequency dependent technologies that we rely upon directly or otherwise. This paper gives a comprehensive overview of history of time measurement and evolution of clocks towards atomic clocks. It broadly covers various types of atomic clocks ranging from laboratory clocks to miniature commercial clocks along with the key applications with a focus on microwave atomic clocks (or frequency standards). Further, the satellite navigation systems operational around the globe by various countries and the types of clocks used for such navigation systems are briefly covered with a focus on the rubidium atomic frequency standard and other space clocks.

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“…13. To achieve high-resolution output and precise frequency control, we combined two DACs by overlapping coarse-fine combination [21]. Both DACs are the same part from the same manufacturer, TI make DAC121S101QML-SP [22].…”

Section: Implementation Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method of Digital-to-Analog Converter Combination for Precise Digital Control in Closed Loop Systems

Jain,

Priya

2023

JICS

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For precise digital control applications, high-resolution feedback is essential to achieve the required performance. Precise control systems with analog input-output and digital processing are generally limited by the resolution of digital to analog converter (DAC). DACs available for space use are limited in terms of resolution and performance. This paper presents a novel approach of combining two DACs to achieve higher resolution in closed-loop control systems. DACs can be combined with an overlapping range such that nonlinearity of higher significant DAC does not cause oscillations and instability when lower significant DAC rolls over. Flowchart of the algorithm for combining two DACs is presented, along with a detailed analysis. Simulation results are also shown elaborating the behaviour of DACs in non-overlapping and overlapping combination methods. The non-overlapping combination may result in oscillations, while the overlapping combination can settle the loop after a small settling time. An implementation example of a digital lock-in amplifier for the Rubidium atomic clock, showing the realization of a coarse-fine DAC combination to achieve 20-bits resolution with two 12-bits DACs, is also presented. This approach will result in achieving better performance in small-bandwidth digital control systems.

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Digital lock-in amplifier for space rubidium atomic clock

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Research progress of lock-in amplifiers

Research progress of lock-in amplifiers

A Comprehensive Overview of Atomic Clocks and their Applications

A Novel Method of Digital-to-Analog Converter Combination for Precise Digital Control in Closed Loop Systems

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